#19 "23 - JUNE" in World HISTORY

1986 - Wanda Rutkiewicz made the first female and Polish entry to the top of the second highest mountain in the world, K2, in the Karakorum band.

Wanda Halina Rutkiewicz-Błaszkiewicz (born February 4, 1943 in Płungiany, died May 13, 1992 on the slopes of Kanchendzongi in the Himalayas) - Polish mountaineer and climber, an electronics technician by profession, one of the greatest Polish women of world Himalayanism. As the third woman in the world, the first Pole stood on Mount Everest, the highest peak of the Earth, and as the first woman in the world and the first Pole on K2.

1997 - Japanese traveler Mitsuro Both the first in the world alone went skiing through the frozen Arctic Ocean.

1905 - For the first time, the Flyer III plane of the Wright brothers' construction has risen up.

The Flyer III was built in 1905. It could stay in the air for half an hour with full fuel supply. In 1909, the American army ordered a military version of the Flyer III, thus making it the first military aircraft.

1868 - American Christopher Sholes patented the first useable practical typewriter.

Christopher Latham Sholes was born on February 14, 1819, near Mooresburg. After completing his education, Sholes worked as a printer, and after four years he emigrated with his parents to Wisconsin, where he soon began working as a printer, and then an editor in the brother Wisconsin Enquirer. In 1841 he married and moved to Southport (now Kenosha) and for several years took up the work of the editor in the Southport Telegraph. In the 1950s he got to the state congress. In 1860, he moved to Milwaukee and became the editor of Milwaukee News and later the Milwaukee Sentinel. Then he took a job in the state administration at the port of Milwaukee.

In his spare time Sholes dealt with the construction of new devices, he developed, among others, a machine for the mechanical addressing of newspapers, and together with a friend Samuel W. Soulé in 1864 they received a patent for a machine for numbering pages in books. Mechanic Carlos S. Glidden, working in the same workshop, suggested that they rebuild the machine for a typewriter. Sholes, Glidden and Soulé received a patent for a typewriter on June 23, 1868. Over the next five years, Sholes developed further modifications that resulted in two more patents. Due to problems with financing the production of the invention, Sholes was looking for external sources of financing. In the meantime, Soulé and Glidden have waived their patent rights. In the end, Sholes sold the patent in 1873 for $ 12,000 to the Remington Arms Company. Sam Sholes tried to improve his invention for the rest of his life, despite poor health in recent years before his death. Developed with the help of two sons, he passed the improvement to Remington. Sholes received the last patent in 1878.
Sholes created a key layout on a typewriter known as QWERTY, which is currently used in a computer keyboard. This arrangement of keys was created to prevent situations when writing two arms with fonts overlap. Scholes designed a system that separated the most common pair of characters in English.

In 1881 he became ill with tuberculosis and died nine years later, on February 17, 1890, in Milwaukee

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