- Improvement in living standard over time is inevitable. Rather it is made possible by increase in physical & human capital technological progress.
- Countries that invest more in Research & technological development (R&D) produce more highly patents.
- Patent litigation is costly and common.
- Women are under represented throughout the innovation history.
- Patenting is highly concentrated near research universities
- Patenting is closely related to other measures of innovative activities.
- Nearly three quarters of patents are filled by inventors with graduate degree.
- R&D investment result to newly technologies.
- Federal R&D spending had declined while business R&D spending has risen.