Probability-The Mathematics that decides Life (A Brief Research Article)

In 19th century people used to believe that, everything in nature could be precisely determined by classical physics. For eg. It says If we give initial condition like time, position, velocity etc., we can find all the information related to it after any time‘t’.

But at the beginning of 20th century the whole picture changed. With the discovery made by Rutherford, Bohr, Einstein and Planck and others there established a whole new branch of Physics called Quantum Mechanics. It deals with the world in quantum (microscopic) scale which describes event in probabilistic terms rather than deterministic. Then we come to know that our everyday world rules are governed with laws of probability and uncertainty.

Let’s take a beautiful example here,

We know that if we toss a coin, the probability is 1/2 for each event(for head and tail). But thats not exactly what we observe, we may toss a Coin for 10 times and each time we may get head. Then how did it made sense? well if we increased the number of trials ,the probability of each outcome tends to 1/2 and if we increase the number of trials to infinite then the probability of each outcome will exactly becomes 1/2.
Here comes the interesting part,

The probability of birth of a boy or girl(here we exclude case of twin, triplets & homosexuals being relatively low in quantity) by a pregnant woman is 1/2 as sperm carrying x or Y chromosome can fertilize the egg( assuming in millions of sperm distribution of X and Y chromosome are equal)(and if no pre ultrasound fetal sex determination and child abortion is not done).

But a case may occur where a couple has 5 childs and all of them are girl(we can see this example in our community). Since this uncertainty could cause drastic change in sex ratio(ratio of male to female) of any country, theoretically we might observe the huge difference in number of male and female in countries. But surprisingly! it's not the case, Out of 200 countries, in every country the male and female population discrepancy is not high. Roughly in every country male and female population percentage lies in (50±3)% range. Take case of Nepal(my country) the sex ratio is 0.99male/female which is nearly equal to 1 Source(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Nepal)
i.e. there are nearly equally male and female.It then depicts that if a couple gives birth to 5 boys in one part of country ,it affects the outcome of birth of child in other part of country or in world.

This means, ‘BIRTH OF A GIRL IN MOSCOW WILL INCREASE THE CHANCE OF BIRTH OF A BOY IN NEW-YORK.’

It can also be explained like coin toss experiment, for small numbers of trial, the result may seem absurd or unexpected I.e. we may have large discrepancy in number of boy and girl but for large population the probability gets more precise. The sex ratio of world is 1.01male/female i.e. 101 males for per 100 females, which is an astounding result. Since the population of world is 7.6 billion(till present time) which is a huge number. If we accept the probability theory then the result seems to be obvious because 7.4 billion is large number of trails (lol).

Isn't it amazing to find how mathematics shapes and affects our daily life directly or indirectly.

Note: In countries like India and China,people prefer a boy child to a girl child and hence tend to practice sex-selective abortion. However, both the countries have taken important steps in curbing the illegal practice.Since India has legally banned sex determination before birth in 1994, but China eased-up on its one-child policy, which is the one main reasons for sex abortion.Similar cases happens in many countries that affects the outcome of birth.

DISCLAIMER:Except the data & pictures,the whole article is 100% original and researched by me,
Mission:No plagiarism!

Data Sources and Sites used:

• http://countrymeters.info/en/World#population_2017
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratio
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Nepal
• https://data.worldbank.org/

For more discussion on this topic (or anything related to science), please join us on steemSTEM. You can also visit us at https://steemit.chat/channel/steemSTEM and https://discord.gg/mKSKQ7T at discord.
SteemSTEM is a community driven project which seeks to promote well written/informative Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics postings on Steemit. More information can be found on the @steemstem blog.