Nice read @ptsouth97

The benefit of binning is that you gain better sensitivity so you can do shorter exposures

This may be true theoretically but in practice, it is unfortunately not. It may change the area of a pixel and with this its ability to catch photons, but the area of the whole sensor is not changed at all. You need to see the whole sensor area, not the pixel alone.
So sensitivity is the capability to catch photons and this can only be increased by decreasing the focal ratio of the optic, by increasing the area of the sensor or by increasing the quantum efficiency of the sensor.

For me, the benefit of binning is to reduce data where it is not needed. Maybe in the RGB channels of an LRGB image. Humans eyes have the "highest resolution" in contrasts, so the L channel should never be binned.