遠古健身法(二)[導引術] Ancient Chinese Fitness [DaoYinShu]

圖片來源: 西漢馬王堆導引圖

到底什麼是導引術？ 一般人認為導引術就是去病健身的養生方法，就是太極氣功的一種功法，真的就是這樣嗎？

導引起源於上古時期，是中國古代老祖宗的一種養生術，據宋代羅必的《路史．前記》記載，陰康氏時代，由於生活條件惡劣，先民得了一種筋骨痿縮腿腳腫脹的疾病，於是有人創造了一種類似舞蹈的鍛煉方法，這就是巫醫的巫舞，導引的由來。到了春秋時代導引術已經非常流行了。

What is DaoYinShu? People thinks that DaoYinShu is the way to go to the health of the disease, which is a kind of exercise of Tai Chi Qigong. Is this right?

Originated from the ancient times, it was a kind of health preservation technique of ancient Chinese ancestors. According to the "road history. Pre-record" of Luo Bi in the Song Dynasty, due to the poor living conditions, the ancestors had a disease swelling of the legs. So someone created a dance-like exercise method, which is the witchcraft's witch dance, the origin of the DaoYin. It has become very popular in the Spring and Autumn Period.

圖片來源: 巫醫的巫舞

1973年在湖南長沙馬王堆三號墓穴發掘出一具經過二千年都冇有腐化的女屍，在惇箱東側的一髹漆木盒內藏有很多古代醫學文獻和一幅殘破不全的人物圖像畫。看出是古代人鍛煉身體的彩色帛畫，在四十四人像旁文字看見與呼吸吐納養生治病相關，後命名為[馬王堆導引圖]。

In 1973, a female corpse that had been corrupted for two thousand years was excavated at the No. 3 tomb of Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan. There was a lot of ancient medical literature and a broken figure painting in a lacquered wooden box on the east side of the box. It can be seen that it is a colorful painting of the ancient people's exercise. In the texts beside the forty-four people images, it is related to the breathing and health treatment. It is named as [Mawangdui DaoYin Tu].

圖片來源:西漢馬王堆導引圖

東漢時期的醫學家華陀，把導引中舒緩的動作，節奏加快並模擬動物的動作，創編出著名的五禽戲，通過模仿虎、熊、鹿，猿、鶴五種禽獸的動作姿態達到保健強身的目的。

廣東中醫藥博物館的清代《敬慎山房導引圖》圖文並茂不伿標明了動作要領，還註明了每個動作可以達到的功效。

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo, a medical scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, accelerated the rhythm and simulated the movements of the animals. He created the famous “Wu Qin Xi” five mimic-animal exercise, and realized the health and physical strength by imitating the action postures of the tigers, bears, deer, ape and cranes.

The Qing Dynasty "Jing Shen Shan Fang DaoYin Tu" of the Guangdong Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine clearly shows the action essentials and also indicates the effect that each action can achieve.

圖片來源: 敬慎山房導引圖

[導引]一詞，早出現於先秦典籍，《莊子．刻意》編: 「吹噓呼吸，吐故納新，熊經鳥申，為壽而已矣。此道引之士，養形之人，彭祖壽考者之所好也。」

《莊子．刻意》編的熊經是指人模仿熊攀援樹木動作，鳥申是指人模仿雀鳥伸展翅膀動作。導引除了揭示中國先秦時代已有健身的方法，亦證明了當時已經有教導別人養生的術士，這些研究彭祖的養生愛好者。

The word [DaoYin] appeared early in the pre-Qin classics, "Zhuangzi. Deliberately "breath, threw up old and adoption new, bear climbing tree
and bird spread wings, for long life. Who leads DaoYin, they learn from Peng Zu"

圖片來源: 五禽戲

在中國發展軌跡，出現易筋經，五禽戲，六字訣，八段錦，太極拳等功法，都能在導引圖中找到印跡或可說成導引圖的繼承和發展者。

In the development track of China, the emergence of Yi Jin Jing, Wu Qin Xi, Liu Zi Yan, Ba Duan Jin, Tai Chi Quan and other exercises can find the imprint and can be said to be the inheritance and development of the DaoYin Tu.

熊、鹿、猿、虎、鶴的五禽，大家有沒有想過為何要模仿這五種動物呢？為何會演變成虎鶴雙形拳，五禽戲呢？

這個實在太有趣了，自古有説巫醫道同源，世界各地也有薩滿祭司的巫術醫療，還有自發功這些功法都是進入一個自發治療的狀態，這些都是帶有神秘色彩的一種功法，原來進入自發治療的虛無狀態加上內氣凝聚，就是老祖宗所説的內丹。

Tigers, bears, deer, ape and cranes Wu Qin Xi, Have you ever wondered why people imitate these five animals? Why Wu Qin Xi?

This is really interesting. Since ancient times, it has been said that witchcraft, medical, taoist are homologous. There are also shaman medical treatments of shamans around the world, as well as spontaneous qigong. These exercises are all in a state of spontaneous treatment. These are all mysterious ways, the subconscious state that entered the spontaneous treatment with the condensation of Qigong, it is the “Inner Dan” that the ancestors said.

圖片來源: 薩滿祭司的巫術醫療

內丹所產生的結果就是內氣自動導引，衝開閉塞經絡，身體的五臟心、肝、脾、肺、腎所帶動的經絡及肢體，形成各式各樣的古怪動作，大致上都是這五類動作，因為動作及表情非常似這五種動物，所以歸納成五禽動作熊、虎、鹿、猿、鶴。因為這些自發動作能治癒疾病，其後有些先民不求甚解模仿這些動作形成今日各式各樣的大動作，其後再演變成現今的太極功夫了。

The result of “Inner Dan” is the internal energy automatic DaoYin, the spontaneous qigong movement flush on occlusions meridians, our meridian and limbs driven by five internal organs, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, forming a variety of quirky movements, the movements and expressions are very similar to these five animals, because these spontaneous actions can cure the disease, some ancestors imitate these actions to form a variety of moves, later it evolved into the current Tai Chi Qigong.

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