设计模式之---观察者模式
定义
Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so thatwhen one object changes state, all its dependents are notifiedand updated automatically.
定义对象间一种一对多的依赖关系,使得每当一个对象改变状态,则所有依赖于它的对象都会得到通知并被自动更新。
类图:略
从类图可以看到,观察者模式一般有这样几个类】
- 被观察者 SUbject
- 观察者 Observer
- 具体的被观察者 ConcreteSubject
- 具体的观察者 ConcreteObserver
优点
- 观察者被观察者之间抽象耦合
- 一对多的对应关系和触发机制
缺点
- 触发机制如果选择不当,会影响效率
实现代码
public abstract class Subject {
private Vector observers=new Vector();
public void addObserver(Observer observer){
this.observers.add(observer);
}
public void delObserver(Observer observer){
this.observers.remove(observer);
}
public void notifyObservers(){
for(Observer observer:observers){
observer.update();
}
}
}
public interface Observer {
public void update();
}
public class ConcreteSubject extends Subject {
public void doSomething(){
super.notifyObservers();
}
}
public class ConcreteObserver implements Observer {
public void update() {
System.out.println("收到通知,更新完成");
}
}
测试类
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConcreteSubject subject=new ConcreteSubject();
Observer observer=new ConcreteObserver();
subject.addObserver(observer);
subject.doSomething();
}
}
运行结果
收到通知,更新完成
使用场景
- 一对多的触发事件
- 系统间图通信,如消息队列
- 广播
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