The sun

What is the sun ?

The sun is one of the stars, a giant ball of hot gas, revolving around itself. The sun is like other stars you see in the night sky. The sun shows us bigger and more intense brightness than the other stars of our close proximity to them. The sun is the center of our solar system and contains most of the mass in the solar system. All the planets of the solar system, including the earth, orbit the sun.

Is the sun biggest stars?

Although the sun appears to us as if it is greater than any other star, but there are many stars that are much larger.  The sun appear in this large size compared to the rest of the stars because they are closer to us than all the other stars.    The sun is only only a medium-sized star.   As an example of larger stars, below is a list of some of the largest stars in our galaxy, compared to the size of the sun:

Mio Cephi - 1500 times greater than the sun

Gemini (Betelgeuse) - 900 times greater than the sun

Antares - 530 times greater than the sun

Deneb - 145 times greater than the sun

How large is the sun compared to the size of the earth?

Compared to Earth, the sun is enormous! Containing 99.86% of the total mass of the entire solar system. The sun's diameter is 864,400 miles (1,391,000 kilometers), making its diameter 109 times greater than Earth's diameter. The sun weighs 333,000 times the weight of the earth. The sun is so huge that it has nine to 1.3 million planets the same size as the Earth inside. The size of the land is equal to the size of a medium sized solar spot!

What are the components of the sun?

The sun is a glowing, hot, and glowing gas ball. Most of the sun's gas is hydrogen (about 70%) and helium (approximately 28%). Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen form 1.5% and the remaining 0.5% is composed of trace amounts of other elements such as aluminum, iron, silicon, magnesium and sulfur. The sun shines because it converts hydrogen into helium through the nuclear fusion process in its extremely hot core. This means that over time, the sun's stock of hydrogen is reduced and the amount of helium increases.

How hot is the sun?

The surface temperature of the sun is about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,600). The temperature is higher than the temperature of the surface as we dive deeper into the center of the sun, where the temperature is 27,000,000 degrees Fahrenheit (15,000,000 degrees Celsius). Similarly, the sun is warmer than the surface temperature as we move up toward the solar atmosphere. The temperature in the upper layer of the solar atmosphere, called corona, is millions of degrees. The corona is the bright halo of light that can be seen during the total solar eclipse.

How far is the sun from us?

The sun away from us in the Earth an average distance of 93,000,000 miles (150 million kilometers). The sun is so far away that the light coming from the sun at 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second takes about 8 minutes to reach us. Like the rest of the planets in our solar system, Earth orbits the Sun in a perfect circular orbit. It orbits in an oval orbit, like a circle drawn from one end, and the Sun is centered near the center of this orbit. Which means that the distance between the sun and the earth changes during the year. At the nearest Earth point in its orbit, from the sun, the sun is about 91.4 million miles (147.1 million km). At the farthest point of the Earth's orbit, from the sun, the distance between us and the sun is 94.5 million miles (152.1 million km). When the separation is in the northern half of the earth in winter, the earth is at its closest point from the sun.

Why is the sun spherical?

The reason for the spherical sun and most large objects in space are stars, planets, and large moons that are formed and collapsed under their own gravitational force. Our solar system began to form a giant cloud of dust and dust, collapsing slowly under its own gravitational force. As the cloud collapsed, its rotation increased (as happens when a skier turns around quickly and puts his arms in his body). The majority of the material was accumulated in the center of this cloud and eventually formed the sun. While the material collapses on itself, the most natural and efficient forms of formation is the ball. Gravity also has its effect by trying to pull the material into the mass center of the body. As a result of the spin effect, the sun is not spherically perfect; it is slightly swollen in the equator.

Did not the sun have sunspots?

The sun has a magnetic field that bends inside it while rotating. There are areas on the sun out of which the magnetic field of this under the surface of the sun and set up, which creates sunspots. Sunspots are magnetic spots and often have north and south poles, such as magnets. These spots appear and disappear on the surface of the sun and the duration of survival between several days and several weeks.

How many sunspots are there?

The size of an average solar spot is about the size of the entire planet! However, sunspots come in different diameters, ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands of miles (several times larger than Earth). Scientists measure the total size (s) of all sunspots visible on the sun every day to get an idea of ​​how active the sun is. Temporary sunspots. They appear on the surface of the sun and disappear.

Why are sunspots darker than the rest of the sun?

The sunspots look darker (in visible light) because they are much colder than the rest of the sun's surface. Although they look dark, they are also very hot. The sunspots are approximately 6,300 degrees Fahrenheit (~ 3,500 degrees Celsius), while the adjacent sun's temperature is 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,500 degrees Celsius). If I found a solar spot on its own in space, it would be very bright.

What happens during the solar eclipse?

The solar eclipse occurs when the moon is placed in front of the sun, for those who see it from the surface of the earth. During the solar eclipse, the day darkens and darkens, while the moon gradually covers the sun. During the total eclipse, the moon completely covers the sun for a few minutes and the day becomes very dark. The temperature also goes outside.

How does the sun shine?

The sun shines by turning hydrogen into helium at the core of the sun. This process is called nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion occurs when the lighter elements are combined to form heavier elements. When this happens, huge amounts of energy are created. The famous scientist Albert Einstein discovered an equation showing the amount of energy that can be created from a small amount of mass. You may have seen or heard this famous equation by E = mc2. The letter E refers to energy (energy), m to mass (mass), and (c) to the speed of light. The light speed is 186,000 miles or 300,000 kilometers per second. So you can see that a small amount of matter can be converted into a huge amount of energy. This can only happen in places with very high temperature and pressure. In the center of the sun, temperatures reach 16 million degrees Kelvin, and the pressure reaches more than a billion times more than the Earth's atmospheric pressure! The Sun converts 5 million tons of mass to energy every second. This temperature warms the sun, and in contrast, the sun is heating the earth and all other planets.

How long has the sun started to shine?

The sun has been shining for about 4.6 billion years and will continue to shine for about another 5 billion years.

Will the sun ever cease to shine?

Yes, but not before it is too long. The stars shine because of their massive amount of energy in their centers through a process called nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion occurs when lighter elements such as hydrogen are combined into heavier elements such as helium. After about 5 billion years, hydrogen will be carried out at the core of the sun and the sun will not have more fuel to sustain nuclear fusion. So, after about 5 billion years, the sun will cease to shine.

Does the sun revolve around itself?

Yes, spin or spin the sun around itself. Because the sun is a gas ball, it does not turn like a solid object. In fact, the sun moves faster in the equator than the polar regions. The sun revolves around itself once every 24 days at the equator, but it rotates once every 35 days at the poles. We know this by observing the movement of sunspots and other moving solar properties on the surface of the sun. The giant gaseous planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune spin faster in their tropical regions than their polar regions.

Is the sun moving in space?

Yes, the sun is already moving in space. The sun and the entire solar system revolve around the center of our galaxy - the Milky Way.