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RE: A new doubly-charmed particle has been discovered at the LHC
Actually in this case we know already a lot about the model. The unknown is how it exactly works (in details) to make those particles as they are.
In the defined tests, the model fits. Of all the possible tests that exist, we do not know if the model will fit. Also, inside the boundaries of the tests everything may be fine but we do not know how things behaves outside the boundaries.
We still have so much to discover and right now science is at those boundaries in many fields. They have started to collaborate in other fields to have a more complete picture.
Some scientists are moving from quantum physics to quantum biology. Applying the concepts and tools built for quantum physics, they are trying to look inside DNA to see if they can find some answers.
Science is getting more challenging and exciting at the same time!
In this very specific case, it is not really a matter of fitting. We have a model and the observation of this particle was a prediction. The theory is based on some fundamental principle from which we can deduce a lot of things (predictions) from a very small setter of parameters (fitted quantities).
But there are still unknowns, which we are trying to know better.
Now, how to link this to another domain of science is another question, and exciting too :)