Studying The Relationships Between Health and Intellect
Have you ever wondered whether being smart, causes you to live a healthier life (on average)? I mean you're a pretty smart person right? Wouldn't you like to know if your smart brain actually causes you to have a longer life? A lower chance of cancer maybe? Less chance of illness perhaps? I mean, thinking logically there is a basis for why it could! If you are smarter you are more likely to know about things that could cause disease and make a conscious effort to avoid them. Yet the more one knows and understands the more there is to stress about, and stress is highly associated with negative health outcomes. [1] However maybe ignorance is bliss and not knowing about things leads to more active, fulfilled, healthier lives. Maybe intelligence is a curse, a burden on our health. What about our genes themselves, might they have a say in all of this?
The Cold Reality
This isn't a new concept, people have been looking for more ways to assert themselves as superior for a long time (and I am sure that is a fad which isn't going anywhere). So not surprisingly this is a topic that has been studied in quite some detail. Luckily for all of you smart steemians (even if you don't think you are, you're here so your clearly smarter than a lot of people), low intelligence along with minimal education has already been shown to be correlated with poor health. [2], [3], [4]. However these studies have only largely shown the correlation, they didn't look into why this correlation exists.
In still other publications, researchers looked at whether how educated someone is acts as a means for measuring intelligence, finding that that indeed yes education level correlates to intelligence. [5] (Some of you are going... well that correlation is obviously wrong, you're highly educated @justtryme90 and I think you're an idiot... to that I would respond... yeah you're probably right!). Going further researchers have identified that there is even a genetic link between intelligence and education level. [6] However all of these findings report correlation, and as we know:
Today's Article
In a study published June 1st, 2017 in the journal Nature: Scientific Reports titled "Cognitive ability and physical health: a Mendelian randomization study" researchers set out to examine the causal links between our thinking abilities and our health. Rather than just correlation, could they identify some causation?
Does Poor Health Cause Lower Intelligence?
This is perhaps an easier direction to study, all you need are some healthy people, some people with various diseases and a test to measure their brain power.
For the test they used a simple multiple choice test with some verbal and some numerical based questioning, they give an example of each in their materials and methods:
An example verbal item is: ‘If some flinks are plinks and some plinks are stinks then some flinks are definitely stinks?’ (possible answers: ‘True/False/Neither-true-nor-false/do not know/prefer not to answer’).
An example numerical item is: ‘If sixty is more than half of seventy-five, multiply twenty-three by three. If not subtract 15 from eighty-five. Is the answer?’ (possible answers: ‘68/69/70/71/72/do not know/prefer not to answer’).
The participants had to answer 13 of these in 2 minutes, not an easy task, it would take me 2 minutes just to get past flinks and plinks...but I digress.
What Did They Find?
- Height was directly associated with intelligence, with taller people scoring better than shorter people
- Both high blood pressure and type two diabetes were negatively associated with intelligence but not nearly as sharply as coronary heart disease which had a surprisingly significant effect.
To check for causal relationships the authors used a technique called "Mendelian Randomization", however for these health variables they didn't find ANY at all.
So while poor health correlates with lower intelligence, the authors didn't find evidence suggesting that it causes it. (hmm, I sort of expected that they would find that it does... but the data is the data! On we go!)
How About Education And Health?
This analysis was performed by looking at health information and education levels reported and stored in a database. For this part of the study over 90,000 people were included
Looking at people who had very little education (the article calls it 7 years) versus people with a college degree (the article calls it 20 years) the authors found that people with more education had the following:
- Lower body mass index
- Lower odds of diabetes
- Lower odds of coronary heart disease
- Lower blood pressure
and the weird one... educated people were more likely to be taller. What?
However again as was the case for the above correlations, their Mendelian randomization analysis did not show any causation between education and these positive health outcomes. Sorry educated people.
Some Conclusions
This study set out to identify if there were causal relationships between previously described correlations between intelligence, education and health. They again identified these correlations, however their analysis yielded NO evidence of causation.
Intelligence correlates to better health, but intelligence is not the CAUSE of better health outcomes.
The authors speculate provided a variety of reasons for why they may not have seen any evidence of causation in their study and proposed avenues forward for research. I don't doubt that research in this area will continue. However at the moment, smart and educated people, your brains correlate to better health outcomes, but are not the cause of any of it. That part, is still all up to you and the decisions you make with regards to taking care of your self.
Other Conclusion
Taller people are "smarter".
Sources
- http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx
- https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ije/dyq190
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289615001014
- http://www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en/
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02499.x/abstract
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ajmg.b.32319/full
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-02837-3
All Non Cited Images Are From Pixabay.com And Are Available Under Creative Commons Licenses
Any Gifs Are From Giphy.com and Are Also Available for Use Under Creative Commons Licences
If you like this work, please consider giving me a follow: @justtryme90. I am here to help spread scientific knowledge and break down primary publications in such a way so as to cut through the jargon and provide you the main conclusions in short (well compared to the original articles at least!) and easy to read posts.
False / 69 :-)))
I'm a bit confused. What?
Lol, these are only my answers to the examples of test questions you mentioned in your article. :)
Ohhh well that makes sense!
Its not intelligence its economy. A smart person in an economically deprived situation (born into abject poverty) can't make healthy decisions - but that certainly does not preclude that person from being intelligent or from living a long life. Theyve certainly proven basic nutrition helps kids pay attention in class - but intelligent people living longer because of intelligent decisions is nonsense (even in the west). Einstein was non verbal until age four - and he couldnt tie his shoes - I doubt his diet and exercise were anymore intelligent ;) We were born with only so many heartbeats - no matter how smart you are you can't change that.
Great points!
its really depends on how you define intellegence. another intersting fact, those who are bilingual have a lower chance of developing dementia
That one I didn't know. I wonder if the added neural pathways formed from mastering more than one language just delay the onset period for dementia ( and then we don't live long enough to see it ) or if they actually change the physical structuring of the brain allowing for better oxygenation. ( A lot of non-Alzheimer's dementia is caused by poor blood flow in the brain ).
yes of course good old vascular dementia you are correct, however i should have been more specific in saying that i was referring to alzeimers dementia. I believe the thinking is, the more connections there are the more connections there are to break, it is a similar picture with those who are better educated.
That is another good angle and point.
It's true that steemitians are more intelligent than rest of the world. I think there is a link between intelligence and health. Anyways great article. Stay healthy stay fit. 👟🏃⛹🎽
At the very least we are trend setters.
Hi, this is a picture of Vitalik Buterin, a co-founder of Ethereum.
He's Really smart, but he looks dehydrated and drained in every interview.
So, I think the study is wrong.
Better health doesn't correlate with intelligence.
I guess that is his nature
Wow!
;)
Voted up 👍🏼, and followed ... let's help each other 👌
I would think that many factors play into good health, Intelligence is only one. Genes are another. Diet, weight, interaction with society. I could go on. There was once research done on commonalities of centurions. They found about 10 different things that made them live longer, I recall no one who is one is overweight. LOL I better start loosing.
You are 100% correct, and much like most aspects of our bodies functioning, there are really a ton of different factors influencing things.
@justtryme90 Thanks for the great post. Loved it :)
Thank you for your commenting and reading, I appreciate you taking the time to stop by!
It is always hard to move from correlations to causation. I will look forward to this Mendelian randomisation stuff. That is to me the most interesting part of the post (sorry for bumping on a little, but important, detail ;) )
My understanding is that height is associated with diet and nutrition when growing as a child to some extent, so it may be that being in family environment where better nutrition is avialable, also equates with better chances to attend extended education.
The tests of mental capacity are relevant, but without the inclusion of a metric to assess the amount of DENIAL within individuals, there is no sense of how much they prevent their intelligence from becoming wise choices.