During a lot of time, the idea of oxidation and of reduction was tied to the oxygen, where one was handling if during a reaction of a substance one was joining or increasing the number of oxygens, it was said that it was oxidizing and if it was diminishing it, that it was diminishing, later it was considered to be the hydrogen antagonist of the oxygen and oxidizing can be to gain oxygens or to lose hydrogens, in such a way that this one diminishes, everything opposite to lose became oxygenated or to gain hydrogen.

according to the classic concept of oxidation, when the iron contacts the oxygen it oxidizes, forming an oxide of iron as the Fe2O3, if instead of oxygen the gas that is wrapped to the iron is the chlorine. This one also reacts with him, forming FeCL3; we can analyze the following thing that both cases the iron has gone on from the elementary state to the iónico, if in the first case it has been said that the iron has oxidized, in the second one it will be necessary to say the same.

it is named an oxidation to the phenomenon for which a chemical species loses electrons and is named a reduction to the phenomenon opposite to the oxidation, that is to say the one that provides profit of electrons, an oxidation is always accompanied of a reduction, since if a substance loses electrons, other one has to gain it. The substance that oxidizes receives the name of differential and the one that diminishes is the oxidizer.

Next we have the following contribution, of several characteristics that they define to the reactions of oxidation - reduction.

1.-The processes that take place in a battery electrochemistry can be analyzed according to two semibatteries.
2.-The reactions of oxidation - reduction can be interpreted as a process of electronic transference.
3.-Atoms and ions compete for the electrons.
4.-The potentials type of reduction of the semibatteries are useful for the prophecy of the chemical reactions.
5.-The equations of oxidation - reduction can balance for the method of the semirreaciones or by means of the employment of numbers of oxidation.
6.-The electrolysis represents a type of useful reaction. In her, a chemical battery binds to work in direction opposite to that of the spontaneous reaction, on having applied a tension major than the produced one by the same battery.

textual Chemical Appointment of the book: experimental essentials. Guide of the teacher for Robert W. Parry; page 188.

The electronic concept of oxidation - reduction does not deny the classic concepts, but they extend them to other substances that it is old theories were neither oxidizers nor differentials. Other substances possess a double character, since according to the substances that they have I faced they can oxidize or diminish, as the following case where the sulfur opposite to a strong differential can limit to ion sulfide: S 2e - = S ²-, whereas opposite to an oxidizer one can transform into an ión sulfite SO3 ²-, of such form what is wanted is to document of educational form, of such a motive in modern theories lose value words as oxidizer or differential, since these concepts happen to be relative and dependent on more one substance. This way the same oxygen, I bring in time excellent oxidizer, they can be a differential opposite to the fluorine.

Conduction electrolytic.

The investigations carried out at the beginning of the XIXth century showed that the watery dissolutions of diverse chemical substances were leading the electrical current in different measurements, to put more skylight these contribute to this content of knowledge, in reference to conductive character of the dissolved substances, it is enough to insert a lamp in a circuit of a simple way, of such a way what is a question of observing his sheen, which will be the indicator of such a way of knowing, what so much is the driver in the solution contained in her.

The physicist and chemist English Michael Faraday, named electrolytes to the dissolved conductive substances of the electrical current; electrodes to the metallic drivers in contacts with the dissolution where being the anode the electrode connected to the positive pole and the cathode connected to the negative pole; the ions to the particles that lead the electrical current in dissolution, being the anions those that go to the anode and the anions those that go to the cathodes, in reference to the receptacle that contains the dissolution and the electrodes I call them an electronic cell and to the chemical process produced by the electrical current it is the electrolysis.

Electrolysis.

It is the set of chemical reactions that takes place in the electrodes during the electrolytic conduction, it constitutes the electrolysis, taking better understanding as an example apara, we have when the electrolysis of the H2O is carried out, the cationes H move towards the negative electrode (cathode) and the anions OH - towards the electrodes positive (anode).
The reactions that take place in the electrodes are:
ANODE.
4OH-(aq)+2e- = O2(g)+h2O(1) Oxidation.
CATHODE.
2H(aq)+2e- = H2(g) Reduction.

The chemical global reaction, which takes place in the electronic cell is obtained adding the reactions of the anode and of the cathode, so that it gets lost and the same number of electrons is gained.
2H2O(1)= O2(g)+2H2(g) The chemical global reaction.

The battery Cu-Ag, an example of a reaction rédox, source of image of mastery of wikimedia commons, Author Muro de Aguas

Contribution of Michael Faraday.

As result of his investigations, Faraday enunciated two following laws, which govern the electrolysis:

1.-The quantity of an element that it settles or liberates in an electrode is proportional to the quantity of electricity that circulates along the dissolution.

2.-The mass of different elements deposited or liberated by the same quantity of electricity are proportional to his equivalent chemists. The quantity of electricity that liberates 1 equivalent gram of any element is 96.496 culombios and it receives the name of 1 faraday.

Force of the oxidizers and of the differentials.

Force of the oxidizers and of the differentials. (Image prepared for @chetoblackmetal)

Source of image of pixabay