Max Planck and Quantum Theory: A revolutionary change in classical physics

Classical physics believed that energy radiation was continuously from any warm object. A great scientist brought out science from this belief. He is the Max Karl Ernest Ludwig Planck. The field of understanding and knowledge of classical physics and the world is changed forever when he discovered that the radiation of energy from any warm object is not continuously dissipated, but it is exclusively emitted in certain quantities. He began to discover a new phenomenon of physics called Quantum Physics. The theory of relativity of Einstein's relation, such as space, time, gravitation etc., revolutionizes our concept of matter, Planck's quantum theory also radically changes the understanding of nuclear, sub-particulate matter. 

 Born and raised 

 Max Planck was born on 23 April 1858 in the house of Jonathan Planck and Emma Petzig in Germany. Jonathan was a law professor. Ema was self-taught. Nine years old Max admitted to an Elementary School in the German city of Keil and entered into an academic career. His talent does not take much time to disperse. School mathematics teacher Herman Muller did not understand that Max is not like any ordinary student. Max's math talent was far more than all others. Harman therefore wishes to teach Max astrology and physics. Merchant Max took this offer with great enthusiasm. And he got the idea of ​​some basic and fundamental physics subjects to Herman.  Max's talent was stuck in mathematics but not so. He was also outstanding in music studies; He used to sing classical songs as well as his voice, which he listened to as a musical fan. On the other hand, he learned to play piano very skillfully. His music skills at the secondary school gave him a great reputation. Many people also suggested to be a singer. But before leaving school, he decided that science would be the real partner of his life. There will be songs only as hobby.  

Max at the university

University of Munich in Germany; Photo source: apply square
In 1874, at the age of seventeen, Max moved to Max University in Munich, Germany. When he was admitted to the Department of Physics, Professor Philip Von Jolly told him, "The fundamental things are all discovered in physics. What is left is to correct their small mistakes only. "Not only that, Philip also suggested to look at Max's tendency to do something new, and to study it with another!  Whatever Phillip says, Max is admitted to the Department of Physics. He began to read physics and was disturbed by a number of physicists at the University of Munich. Philippe, whose thoughts and feelings were most ridiculous to him, is no other than that, Philippe. Phillip thought that all of the discovery of physics has been discovered and the understanding of the universe has been understood! And interestingly, many other physicists of the time believed Philip's idea!

In the spring of 1877, Max Planck went to hiking in northern Italy with friends under the supervision of Carl Rogge, a mathematician at his university. Raanjh raises a very important question in front of the students there. He wants to know that religion does more evil than the good in the world? The question that Max believes in Lutheran doctrine is that the question is very strong. He was Lutheran in death. He denied atheism. But he was respectful of dissenting and different religions.  

Thermodynamics and the first job

  In 1877, 20-year-old Max Planck was transferred to Berlin's Frederick Wilhelm University for a year. There he came in contact with Helmholtz, a physicist, with whom he had a good friendship later on. Helmhaltz was highly influenced by the thermodynamics that soon infected Max. Thermodynamic studies begin. In Closius's research paper, he did not even have half of his lectures in the university class!  Max returned to Munich from Berlin in late 1878. He started his career as a teacher in a secondary school. The following year, he submitted his research paper on the second formula for thermodynamics and he was honored with a PhD degree at the age of 21. The following year he submitted another research article to raise his income. This research paper gives him the chance to become a teacher of physics at the University of Munich. But initially he was unpaid. Interestingly, when Planck recalled at the end of his life, when he joined the oral test for his first research paper, after examining the questions of the tester he realized that the examiner could not understand his research!

Quitting from classical physics and discovering quantum theory

From 1889, Max Planck was appointed as a full-time teacher of theoretical physics at the University of Munich. By that time, the popularity of the students was sky-high. Two of his students later won the Nobel Prize.  One of the major problems of classical physics during Max Planck was the radiation of the black object. The black object is the object that absorbs all the electromagnetic radiation on it. When scientists thought that black matter was heated, it radiated the electromagnetic wave. The wavelengths of these waves fall into the ultraviolet, infrared and visible light wavelength. But in the nineteenth century, many scientists found that there was no similarity to the wavelengths of warm objects found in experiments with classical thermodynamics.  Max Plank came forward to overcome this problem with the theory of observation. He suggests that energy does not release in any quantity, but rather in certain quantities, which gives the name 'Quanta'. To understand just a little, you have to go back to the early childhood math class. Number of numbers divided by two / three, etc. We have made almost all of them at one time. Here is the case. When energy is released, it does not amount to any number, but it has a certain amount.  The origins of Quantum theory from here This theory is able to correctly predict the wavelength of the waves obtained from the observation. Planck also found that the amount of energy carried out with the electromagnetic radiation must be divisible by a certain number. This number is known today as Planck's constant. He discovered an equation, from which the quantity of energy emitted from radiation can be calculated.  E = hv  E = the amount of energy, Planck's constants h = 6.626 * 10-34, v = frequency

Max Planck with Einstein; Image source: science penguin

Max Planck received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918 for the invention of energy packets or Quantas and quantum theory. 

 Personal life  

In 1887, he married Max Planck girlfriend Marie Merke at the age of 28. Four children were born in their homes - Karl, Grete, Emma and Ervin. Sadly, Max, who lived for 90 years, watched his whole family die before leaving the last breath. In 1909, his wife Marie died of TB disease first. Karl did not return to the first world war. Greytrie and Emma die while they are giving birth, although both of them survived. Nazi forces gave death sentence to Ervin in 1945 for the involvement of Hitler in the murder of conspiracy.

Planck with family; Photo source: .eugenicsarchive

But Marie married Max Marga von Hassin two years after the death. Harman is one of the children born in their home. No one in Max's second family died while Max was alive.  Einstein became a very good companion to Max Planck's music studies. Originally Max Planck was the first scientist who, at that time, realized the meaning of Einstein's breakthrough and complex discovery. Having been a professor at Berlin, Planck helped Einstein.  During the World War II, Planck was shocked to see the famous Jewish scientist leaving Germany after one another. In 1944, an air strike in the Allied army collapsed and destroyed all his valuable research articles and other works. Nevertheless, he was Germany's conscientious patriot and always hoped that the Nazis would not understand their mistakes. But in 1945 when his son Ehvin was executed for sedition, all his hopes were broken.  Two years after the end of World War II, on October 4, 1947, at the age of 89, Max Planck left the last breath in Göttingen, Germany. The following year, the name of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, an organization of scientists, was changed to "The Max Planck Society" in Planck's honor. Planck Society is now one of the world's top and most successful science firms in the field of 80 science institutes