Theoretically, all about programming is this two things

Branching and looping are fundamental blocks for programming. All of the basic books about programming claim that if you know branching and looping, you can solve any problem that a computer can handle.
Branching means when you instruct a computer to choose between two or more ways. For example, you may tell the system to add two numbers if they are greater than 2 and subtract them if they are less than or equal to two.
Looping means instructing a computer to repeat a certain operation over and over a certain number of times, or until some conditions are met.