The first idea is solved by equal access to education. The second by taxing unearned income instead of earned income. And the last idea could potentially be solved by a small basic income. It would also help the first idea.

But merit is complicated. Success does not correlate with competence. I think it is easier to tax economic rent (windfall gains) that always is without merit.

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610395/if-youre-so-smart-why-arent-you-rich-turns-out-its-just-chance/