The Issue of Being in the History of Philosophy

This is a complex issue that is still in all social sciences. The clarification of the term Being related to this term refers to the search for the answer to such questions - What is the reality surrounding man, what does his or her diversity, who or what moves the world? What is or is the reason for the existence of the world at all? Possible answers to such questions form an idea of ​​being that refers to some ideal feeling, a purely ideal being, which has no reason, Being is a beginning that is only cause for itself or is a self-sufficient reason, to nothing that can not be traced, and by nothing unspeakable. Being but being a beginning is the last thing we can ask because outside it is nothingness. The first philosophical concept of being is the philosophers to Socrates, called the Socrates. In ancient Hindu and ancient Chinese sources can also be found ideas of being related to the beginning of everything existing, such as: fire, water, fire, space, time, and so on.

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The common in ancient Greek thinkers and their predecessors is the discovery of a primary for every living being. For example, the water of Thales, the air of Anaximen, the fire of Herclitz, the atom at Demokrit or Levkip, and others.The merit of separating the categories of being as a philosophical analysis belongs to Parmenid who tried to justify the unchanging essence of the true being. In his view, being is unified, indivisible, perfect, motionless and invariable. It has not arisen and can not perish because there is nothing else beside it. It looks like a perfect sphere (orb).Plato tries to separate the true being, as a world of pure ideas, opposing it to the sensual being! Plato structured the being that included everything in it. His concept represents an objectively idealistic interpretation of being, which is later used in its entirety and contained in medieval Christian philosophy. In it the being of God stands above everything created by it. Later, in the philosophy of modern times, being is identified with physical reality, with substance, atoms. The concept of subtraction, which replaces the notion of being in philosophy as an essence, appears. Something that exists, thanks to oneself, not by reason of anything else or in another.. This is something invariable. In the history of the philosophical substance it is interpreted as a substrate. As a specific personality. This as some essential property or inability to live independently.

In the twentieth century, in the context of the problem of being, it received an interpretation, human being, the value being, the being of language. But the deepest analysis of the 20th century Being is related to philosophy, existentialism / can be defined in the most general and popular sense as the Philosophy of Existence / which reduces the problem of being to man-life. They perceive man as a subject (not as an object of his research), not only as a thinking subject, but rather as a living, sentient, living human personality, along with the conditions in which this human person exists as the starting point of his philosophical reasoning . Life for him is origin, experience, sharing for his or her end.

In existentialism, being is mysterious, it is inaccessible to reason and to logical fixation, because man can not embrace in his life, either in the beginning or beyond the meaning of everything that exists, which is the very being. For the development of the Being category, the category of nothingness or nothingness that has opposed to being and has served as a category that means what does not exist or is not is of immense importance. The philosophy it takes on the basis of non-existence recognizes being, but it brings it out of nothingness as a consequence of reason. The transition from being to nothing is in itself a transition of one particular form of being into another because nothing has arisen from anything and does not disappear without a trace. It's just a transition from one form to another. Being relates to the state of the material and spiritual world, it is a category that denotes the existence of something or everything, regardless of the consciousness of man, as an objective world and the unity of objective and subjective reality.
There are the following basic specific forms of being:

1. Genesis of things, phenomena and processes that differ - the occurrence of phenomena, processes and states of nature, so called. The first nature and existence of objects, objects and processes produced by man called II nature.
2. Man's life in the world of things and as a specific. human being.
3. Spiritual Being.
4. Social Being with the Being of the Individual and the Being of Society.
   The existence of each individual differs and is limited in time and space, but is included in man's general being, nature being a link to a socio-historical being.

The human being is a reality, objective in relation to the consciousness of individuals and generations. It is the unity of the objective and the subjective, which serves to reveal the truth of being and to build the philosophical worldview and a philosophical view of everything that exists. The philosophical theory of being is the most complex as a plan to reveal its essence, related to the unity and diversity of everything that exists. The unity and diversity of being poses the problem of the attributability of being. Attribute is a necessary feature of an object.