What if the USA and Russia had a nuclear war?

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If they each used their current nuclear arsenals they would burn every major city and industrial area in each country. Prof. Alan Robock, a climatologist and distinguished professor from the Department of environmental sciences at Rutgers University answered this question. Within a week of the nuclear war 150 million tons of black smoke would enter the atmosphere. It would rise into the stratosphere, and will cover earth and lasting for years. The black smoke absorbs sunlight, preventing it from reaching the surface. 2 weeks after the war, as the smoke spreads around the world it gets dark and cold at the surface. The sunlight that is absorbed by the smoke in the upper atmosphere heats it destroying the ozone layer. This lets dangerous ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach the surface. Even though some of the UV will be absorbed by the smoke much more gets to the surface. UV radiation destroys DNA, the building blocks of life which will lead to increased cases of cancer. After 2 months, temperatures over all continental land regions plummet below freezing. And now we have a nuclear winter!

Agriculture grinds to a halt, and will not be possible for several years. At the 2 months mark, rainfall halts over all continental land regions and some falls as snow instead. This adds to the problem for agriculture. After 4 months, famine begins, as existing stocks of food runout. Cold, dry, dark conditions prevent agriculture for several years. After 2 years, most people on earth have starved to death. A few people on coastlines may survive in a hunter /fisher-gatherer existence but they have to deal with the cold, dark conditions and the enhanced UV radiation. The number of survivors will be very low and most will be in the southern Hemisphere, for from the bombs and surrounded by a warm ocean that will reduce the cooling. 4 years later, temperatures slowly begin to rise but will not be back to prewar conditions for another 20 years. Rainfall will also slowly begin to rise. Even 5 years after the war, skin cancer will be still on rise,UV would have damaged plants. It would take around 10 years for nature to begin to take over once again. After 20 years, any survivors will still have to stay away from highly radioactive areas. All this can happen with the currently operational 4,000 nuclear weapons in the USA and Russia arsenals. Even the use of 100 nuclear weapons by any of the 9 nuclear nations could produce climate change unprecedented in recorded human history and result in famine for billions....

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