An overview of biodiversity hotspot regions of India
Today's blog is about wildlife and biodiversity hotspot. Wildlife conservation is important for us to maintain the balance of natural resources to meet the requirements of human being at the present without harming the needs of future generation. The rate of wildlife degradation in present day has grown by leaps and bound ,so we have to come up with a fruitful solution so that we can save our wildlife to save our life.
Biodiversity hotspot
The world's most remarkable places are also the most threatened. Biodiversity hotspot can be defined as earth's biologically richest and the most endangered Terrestrial ecoregions. The concept was promulgated to address the dilemma that conservationists face: what areas are the most immediately important for conserving biodiversity? These are Hotspots: the richest and most threatened reservoirs of plant and animal life on earth. A biodiversity hotspot hence is a biogeographic regions with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat for humans.
Criteria for recognition of a biodiversity hotspot
To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot Myers 2000 edition of the hotspot map a region must meet to strict criteria:
A) it must contain at least 0.5% or 1500 species of vascular plants as endemics, and
B) it has already lost its 70% of its primary vegetation
Around The World 34 areas are today recognised as biodiversity hotspots under this definition. These sites support nearly 60% of world's plant, bird, mammal,reptiles and amphibians species with a very high share of endemic species.
Hotspots are not only system devised for assessing Global conservation priorities. Birdlife International, for instance, has identified 218 "Endemic Bird Areas"(EBA) each of which hold the two or more bird species found nowwhere else. The World Wildlife Fund -us has derived a system called the "Global 200 Ecoregions" the aim of which is to select priority Ecoregions for conservation within each of 14 Terrestrial, 3 freshwater, and 4 marine habitat types. They are chosen for the species richness, endemism, taxonomic uniqueness, unusual ecological evolutionary phenomena, and the global rarity. All hot spots contain at least one Global 200 Ecoregions and all but three contain at least one EBA; 60% of global 200 Terrestrial ecoregions and 78% of EBAs overlap with hotspots.
Biodiversity hotspot regions of India
Out of 34 globally identify biodiversity hotspots, India has four hotspots the Himalaya, indo-burma, Western Ghats and Sri Lanka and Sundaland.
Originally these four hotspots had 741,706, 2,373,057, 189,611 and 1501,063 km square of area respectively. These hotspot already has lost its area due to several factors. Now the hotspot vegetation remaining are 185,427, 118,653, 43,611, 10,0571 km square respectively. Looking at the data of area we can surely assume that these hotspot has already lost its vegetation to a great extent and it is alarming call to all of us.
Now I want to produce some data of endemic species plant, endemic threatened birds, and mammals and amphibians.
Endemic plant species
Himalaya hotspot contain 3160 endemic plant species, while indo-burma Western Ghat and Sri Lanka and Sunderland contains 7000, 3049, 15000 of endemic plant species. Endemic species are those species which are particularly confined to a specific geographical region. So if we cannot able to save endemic species we will definitely confronted with some huge loss in near future.
Endemic threatened birds
Himalaya, indo-burma, Western Ghats and Sri Lanka and Sundaland has 8, 18, 10, 43 species of endemic threatend and species birds. Birds are important for our wildlife but they are facing extreme extinction, the reason of extinction may be Habitat loss, over exploitation of human for natural resources resulting in the degradation of wildlife. Birds play important role in human life, they play a major role in a food chain, perform important performance because they eat insect in the field of farmers which help to counter insect in crop field. .
Endemic Threatened mammal
The number of endemic threatened mammals in Himalaya, indo-burma, Western Ghats and Sri Lanka and Sundaland are 4, 25, 14 and 60.
Ecologically important mammal always play a vital role for which ever ecosystem the live in. Mammals are typically important for maintaining services and function associated with sustaining a balanced ecosystem suggest playing the prey Predator role in the embodiment such as seed dispersal.(wikipedia)
*Endemic Threatened amphibians
The number of Threatened amphibians in Himalaya indo-burma Western Ghats and Sri Lanka and Sunderland are 4, 35, 87,59.
Impotance of Amphibian
They are good source of food for vertebrates and invertebrates.(vertebrate=man and several thousands of species. Invertebrate=exclusively Marine species.
declining of their number will greatly impact on other organism along with them. Other organisms include human species too.
presence of amphibians is a good sign of ecological indicators.
Extinct species
The species which are no more is known as extinct species. species extinction is a bad sign for ecological indicators. Extinction of one species harms the other organism directely. The number of extinct species in Himalaya, Indo Burma, Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Sundaland are 0, 1, 20 , 4.
So this is the information about the biodiversity hotspot region of India.
wildlife facing so many problems so we all do our moral duty to save our wildlife to sustain our lives.
The main thing to start any conservation of wildlife is- to aware our public. So one awarenesscan serve the process of wildlife conservation. It is the moral duty of human being. You need not to donate any money, just you have to do is share your knowledge , help each other and stay happy.
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