Juniperus grandis, the Sierra juniper, a long-lived conifer with scale-like leaves that plays an important ecological and cultural role in the Sierra Nevada mountains

The Sierra juniper, Juniperus grandis, is a majestic conifer native to the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. It is known for its longevity, with some individuals estimated to be over 2,000 years old. These trees typically grow as single-stemmed trees with a pyramidal crown when young, which becomes more rounded and irregular with age.

The leaves of the Sierra juniper are scale-like and closely appressed to the branches, giving them a smooth, dark green appearance. These leaves are arranged in whorls of four, and each leaf has a small, resinous gland on its underside. The leaves play a crucial role in the tree's survival, helping to reduce water loss through transpiration and protecting the tree from harsh environmental conditions.

In addition to their ecological importance, Sierra junipers are also culturally significant. The trees have been used by Native American tribes for centuries for various purposes, including food, medicine, and tools. The wood of the Sierra juniper is also prized for its durability and fragrance, making it a popular choice for crafting items such as bowls, pipes, and jewelry.

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