Managing People: Enhance personal leadership skills by knowing perceptual biases phenomena

Hallo effect is the phenomenon when assessing someone performance in one field, based on his results from another dimension, for example, he is bad swimmer so probably he doesn't know how to play basketball either or he is a great football player so probably he possess delectable fashion taste too (Beckham advertising scents or clothing),
Defensiveness occurs when we ignore, attacks or criticize negative information about ourselves,
Confirmation biases - following the rule that was inculcated someone for years or since childhood, for example, the boy was raised in the London's district that cheers for Chelsea London. He will always support this team, instead of his biggest rival - Arsenal London, because he was told Chelsea is better and he believes that.
Projection is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people.
Stereotyping is when the people judge on the basis of their perception of the category or group to which they think they belong.
We are also dealing with Attribution Errors when individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is caused by internal or external factors.
Internal attribution = behavior due to the individual,
External attribution = behavior due to the situation, for example, some1 says: I am showing up later but I need you to know that is completely not my fault. This bastard driver arrived way earlier.
Fundamental Attribution Error it is the tendency to overestimate the influence of interior factors and underestimate the influence of exterior factors when making judgments about the procedure of others.
Self-Serving bias is the tendency for individuals to attributes own success by interior elements while putting the blame for failures on exterior elements.

Try to avoid perceptual errors while assessing people among your organization. Evaluate severely in a case when you have consistent proofs.