Why was Israelite/Jewish family structure patrilineal in the Bible, but is matrilineal today?
In 70 AD the Jewish temple was destroyed and the Jews were no longer able to continue the Mosaic Covenant. They could not perform the blood sacrifices on the altar in Jerusalem as required by God because there was no more temple. There was a new covenant and all Jews were expected to become Christians when confronted with the resurrection of their Messiah. Most Jews did become Christian. Other Jews did not find the Beatitudes attractive and began to wander the earth, a tribe without a home.
Judaism had a great history, but no admiration. The Jews were all admiring Christianity now and the most special tribe was no longer considered special. Yet it just so happens that there was a great mercantile nation without a history of its own, and many of its leading families did admire the long history of the Jews and their special tribal relationship with God. This secretive cabal had ruled Athens from behind the scenes for 500 years, marrying their daughters into royal lines and running the economy. This crypto-empire was known as the Phoenician Empire because it (like the legendary Phoenix) destroyed itself and was reborn every 500 years.
By 300 AD Christianity was becoming a major irritant to the Phoenicians in Rome, interfering with profits and blocking their self-destructive excesses; the Phoenicians found themselves in common cause with the Jews, despising Christians and the Church. At this point (at the height of their Roman power), the Phoenicians began to intermarry with the Jews, mixing their occult commercial networks with the grandeur of a tribe that had a history reaching back thousands of years. This is when Judaism changed from traditional Hebrew patrilineal familial descent to the Phoenician tradition of the matrilineal family structure. This was Phoenicia's main strategy for success and was non-negotiable.
"In 313 AD, the Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, which accepted Christianity: 10 years later, it had become the official religion of the Roman Empire." It was all downhill from there as the Phoenicians immediately began plans to scrap Rome. When the Phoenix moved its wealth to Byzantium in 500 AD, Phoenician Jews went into Fallujah, Babylon (1200 km by road from the Phoenician stronghold Mersin) and formed Talmudic academies there. The Jews had found favor with the rootless Phoenicians and survived the loss of their temple. For the next 1500 years, the Jews continued to tag along with the Phoenicians, amassing wealth and using that wealth to form the nations and economies necessary to further increase their hoard.