The Holy Spirit indwelled certain men in the Old Testament to accomplish what God wanted them to do. Just as you said.

The Holy Spirit indwells believers at the moment they're saved. As you grow in Christian maturity and obedience the Holy Spirit can have greater influence. You can then do what God calls you to do based on that.

There is a precedent for asking for more of the Spirit. I just don't think it applies to believers today.

(2 Kings 2:8-12 NIV) Elijah took his cloak, rolled it up and struck the water with it. The water divided to the right and to the left, and the two of them crossed over on dry ground. {9} When they had crossed, Elijah said to Elisha, "Tell me, what can I do for you before I am taken from you?" "Let me inherit a double portion of your spirit," Elisha replied. {10} "You have asked a difficult thing," Elijah said, "yet if you see me when I am taken from you, it will be yours--otherwise not." {11} As they were walking along and talking together, suddenly a chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared and separated the two of them, and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind. {12} Elisha saw this and cried out, "My father! My father! The chariots and horsemen of Israel!" And Elisha saw him no more. Then he took hold of his own clothes and tore them apart.