Netizen Report: Network Shutdowns Threaten Communities in Syria, Venezuela, Pakistan

The Advox Netizen Report offers an international snapshot of challenges, victories, and emerging trends in Internet rights around the world.
With Facebook and Cambridge Analytica dominating the headlines this week, personal data and data breaches have been at the top of mind for many internet users. But for many others around the world, their greatest challenge to their online rights is their inability to access the internet at all.

Syria

When Turkish-backed forces took control of the northern Syrian town of Afrin on March 18, civilians found themselves without internet access for several hours, and then reported severely weakened internet connections. The Syrian war has taken a severe toll on telecommunication networks, leaving many Syrians without internet access, sometimes due to intentional network disruptions or website blocking by the government, but in other cases due to physical damage brought on internet infrastructure by bombings.

Writing for SMEX, Asser Khattib explained that residents of Afrin, which lies just south of Syria’s border with Turkey, have increasingly resorted to using Turkish internet infrastructure due to the degradation of their own country’s networks.

“Network disruptions during violent conflict, including the seven-year Syrian war, exacerbate the effects of war, making it more difficult for people to access emergency services, document human rights abuses and war crimes, and stay in touch with loved ones far from battlegrounds,” he wrote.

Venezuela

Seventeen states in Venezuela were affected by intermittent or prolonged internet outages in just the first two weeks of March 2018. The Institute for Press and Society (IPYS) in Venezuela has been collecting reports of outages and built a map tracking the cuts in service. The non-profit group reports that these service outages, in conjunction with full-on electricity cuts, are causing permanent damage to Venezuela’s telecommunications networks.

Pakistan

In late February, the Islamabad High Court declared mobile network shutdowns illegal. But after the ruling was contested by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority and Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom the court granted the claimants an interim stay. This week, Digital Rights Monitor received multiple reports of mobile network outages in parts of Islamabad and Rawalpindi.

Cambridge Analytica conducted experiments in the Caribbean and Africa

Reporters at the New York Times reported that data mining and analytics firm Cambridge Analytica harvested the personal data and profiles of 50 million Facebook users and used this data to develop ad targeting techniques used to support Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign. Analysts have argued that Facebook’s business model is to blame, and urged Facebook users to review which apps they’ve allowed access to their data.

The article also suggests that Cambridge Analytica conducted experiments abroad in countries throughout the Caribbean and Africa where privacy rules are less restrictive than in the US and EU. The company has publicly tauted its work in Kenya, where it worked for incumbent president Uhuru Kenyatta in 2013 and in the most recent, highly contested election. In 2013, Cambridge Analytica conducted 47,000 on-the-ground surveys which it then used to create a profile of the Kenyan electorate. The resulting strategy, which the company described on its website, was “based on the electorate's needs (jobs) and fears (tribal violence),” leaving many Kenyans concerned that the company had sought to exploit ethnic tensions in order to increase support for Kenyatta’s campaign.

Nicaragua’s VP pushes social media regulation to combat ‘fake news’

Nicaraguan Vice President Rosario Murillo announced she is talking with the President of the National Assembly to review the regulation of social networks in Nicaragua. Murillo said that social media are “negatively influencing” Nicaraguans, and is considering revision of the Penal Code, along with the Children’s Code and Family Code (TK), to prevent “false news”.

Murillo’s remarks suggest plans to extend the country’s media regulations into the still relatively open online sphere. Opposition political groups have expressed concern that the proposal is most likely a means to silencing government critics.

Qatar sues critics in the U.S.

The Qatari government is going after its critics in the U.S. On 16 March, the government’s communications office filed a lawsuit with a New York state court against the administrators of a website called QatarExposed and the social media accounts linked to it for posting false news about the government, Reuters reported.

Russian authorities threaten to shut down Telegram

A top Russian court upheld a demand from state security service FSB that the messaging app Telegram share its encryption keys with state authorities. After refusing to do so, Telegram was issued a fine and ordered to provide the keys within 15 days or face being blocked in the country. Founder Pavel Durov asserted that “threats to block Telegram unless it gives up private data of its users won’t bear fruit.” The app has been criticized for several security issues, including an infrastructure that allows the storing of keys in the first place, which messaging apps like WhatsApp and Signal do not.

Google asked to provide data of all people in a crime scene area

Police in North Carolina, US asked Google to provide data not only for specific suspects in a crime scene area, but from the mobile phones of all people in the area – in one instance, a zone ranging 17 acres. Google has not revealed whether or not it complied with this request.

YouTube hopes Wikipedia can help solve the misinformation problem

YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki announced that the video platform will soon introduce new features to prevent the spread of misinformation, including inserting links to Wikipedia pages beside videos that support “conspiracy theories.” The hope, it seems, is that Wikipedia’s neutrality standards will help to give consumers more balanced information about the issue or incident in focus.

Netizen Activism

A citizen journalism project in Puerto Rico is working to spread news about hurricane recovery across the island. Through a dedicated Facebook page called Information as Aid, a team of twelve citizen journalists are working to gather and spread news about recovery information to other residents.

New Research

Universal Access and Service Funds: An Untapped Resource to Close the Gender Digital Divide – World Wide Web Foundation
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development – UNESCO
Final Report of the High Level Expert Group on Fake News and Online Disinformation – European Commission
Forbidden Feeds: Government Controls on Social Media in China – PEN America
Using Research in Digital Rights Advocacy: Understanding the Research Needs of the Internet Freedom Community – Internet Policy Observatory
Subscribe to the Netizen Report

Afef Abrougui, Ellery Roberts Biddle, Marianne Diaz, Mohammed ElGohary Rohith Jyothish, Karolle Rabarison, Talal Raza and Sarah Myers West contributed to this report.

Creative Commons License
A small portrait of Netizen Report Team
Written by
Netizen Report Team
Recent Freedom of Speech Stories
15 hours agoSouth Asia
Marvia Malik, Pakistan's First Transgender Newscaster, Wants to Change Societal Attitudes Toward Her Community
3 days agoSub-Saharan Africa
Netizen Report: Ethiopia Arrests Leading Journalists and Activists in ‘State of Emergency’
3 days agoMiddle East & North Africa
Tunisian MPs Propose Legislation Criminalising ‘Cyber Defamation’
More »
Start the conversation
Authors, please log in »

Name (required)

Email (will not be published) (required)

Website

Subscribe to comments on this post via email

Guidelines
All comments are reviewed by a moderator. Do not submit your comment more than once or it may be identified as spam.
Please treat others with respect. Comments containing hate speech, obscenity, and personal attacks will not be approved.

Advox This post is part of Advox, a Global Voices project that reports on censorship and free speech online. Visit the Advox website. · All Posts
A small portrait of Netizen Report Team
Written by
Netizen Report Team
Read this post in русский, Español, Français, English
CensorshipDigital ActivismFreedom of SpeechHuman RightsLawTechnology
Share this story:

Top World Stories
North America
Highly Trained and Educated, Some Foreign-Born Doctors Still Can’t Practice Medicine in the US
Middle East & North Africa
‘They Beat Me Everyday With an Electric Cable…They Smashed My Head Into the Walls’
Caribbean
How English-Language Pronouns Are Taught Around the World
East Asia
Experience Tokyo's ‘Street of the Day’ With YouTuber Mimei
Contributors

View all contributors »