#6 - Look out - light's about!

1.Almost everything you do depends on light and the science of light, which is called optics.
Light is a form of energy that you see. Light waves are made of electricity and magnetism - and they are tiny. About 2000 of them laid end to end would stretch across this full stop.

V Light waves hit a mirror and are directed back, giving a back-to-front reflected view of the object. V

2.Ordinary light from the sun or from a light bulb is called white light.
But when white light passes through a prism, a triangular block of clear glass, it splits into many colors. These colors are known as the spectrum. Each color has a different length of waves. A rainbow is made by raindrops, which work like millions of tiny prisms to split up sunlight.

V A prism of clear glass or clear plastic separates the colors in white light. V

3.Like sound, light bounces off surfaces that are very smooth.
This is called reflection. A mirror is smooth, hard and flat. When you look at it, you see your reflection.

4.Light passes through certain materials, like clear glass and plastic.
Materials that let light pass through, to give a clear view, are transparent.
Those that do not allow light through, like wood or metal, are opaque.

Light is the fastest thing in the Universe - it travels through space at approximate 300,000 kilometers per second. That's seven times around the whole earth in less than one second!

5.Mirrors and lenses are important parts of many optical (light-using) gadgets.
They are found in cameras, binoculars, microscopes, telescopes, and lasers. Without them, we would have no close-up photographs of tiny microchips or insects of giant planets - in fact, no photos at all.

V A concave lens, which is thin in the middle, making things look smaller. V

˄ A convex lens, which bulges in the middle, making things look larger. ˄

6.Light does not usually go straight through glass.
It bends slightly where it goes into the glass, then bends back as it comes out. This is called refraction.
A lens is a curved piece of glass or plastic that bens light to make things look bigger, smaller or clearer. Spectacle and contact lenses bend light to help people see more clearly.

V Glass and water bend, or refract, light waves. This makes a drinking straw look bent where it goes behind the glass and then into the water. V

几乎你所做的一切都取决于光和科学的光，这就是所谓的光学。
光是你看到的一种能量形式。光波是由电和磁构成的 - 而且很小。其中约有2000个端到端的铺设将在这个完整的站点上延伸。

V 光波击中一面镜子，然后被引导回来，从而获得物体的反向反射视图。 V

来自太阳或灯泡的普通光称为白光。
但是，当白光通过棱镜，一个三角形的透明玻璃块，它分裂成许多颜色。这些颜色被称为光谱。每种颜色都有不同的波浪长度。彩虹是由雨滴制成的，它像数百万个小棱镜一样工作，分解阳光。

V 透明玻璃或透明塑料棱镜将白光中的颜色分开。 V

像声音一样，光线从非常光滑的表面反射回来。
这就是所谓的反思。镜子光滑，坚硬而平坦。当你看到它时，你会看到你的反射。

光线通过某些材料，如透明玻璃和塑料。
让光线通过的材料是清晰的，透明的。
那些不允许光线通过的，如木头或金属，是不透明的。

光是宇宙中最快的东西 - 它以每秒大约30万公里的速度穿过太空。在不到一秒的时间里，这是全球的七倍！

5.镜子和镜片是许多光学（使用光）小工具的重要组成部分。
它们可以在相机，望远镜，显微镜，望远镜和激光器中找到。没有它们，我们就没有微型芯片或巨型行星昆虫的特写照片 - 事实上，根本没有照片。

V 凹透镜在中间很薄，看起来更小。 V

˄ 一个凸透镜，在中间凸起，使东西看起来更大。˄

光线通常不会穿过玻璃。
它进入玻璃的地方稍微弯曲，然后弯曲回来。这被称为折射。
镜片是一块弯曲的玻璃或塑料，可以让光看起来更大，更小或更清晰。眼镜和隐形眼镜弯曲灯光，以帮助人们看得更清楚。

V 玻璃和水弯曲或折射光波。这使得吸管看起来弯曲，从玻璃后面进入水中。 V