#16 - Glaciers and Icebergs 冰川和冰山

1.About two percent of the water in the world is permanently frozen as ice.
The ice is found at the chilly polar regions, and on high mountains where the air is freezing cold. On steep slopes, the ice creeps downhill, like a very slow river. This kind of ice 'river' is called a glacier. On high mountains, glaciers flow downhill until they reach warmer air and start to melt. At the poles, many glaciers flow into the sea.

V A glacier develops deep cracks called crevasses as it moves downhill. V

2.One of the world's biggest glaciers, not including the ice at the poles, is the Siachen Glacier in the Himalayas.
It is 78 kilometers long, and in places, its ice is over 100 meters thick. India and Pakistan have been fighting a war over who the glacier belongs to since 1984. It has been home to hundreds of soldiers for more than 20 years.

V Instead of melting on the way down a mountain, this glacier in Prince William Sound, Alaska is flowing into a fjord. V

3.Glaciers have shaped the Earth.
As a glacier flows down a mountain, the heavy ice pushes and scrapes at the soil and rocks. This carves a huge, U-shaped valley, known as a glacial valley.

4.Icebergs are a problem for ships.
As iceberg floats, only about one-tenth of it sticks up out of the sea. The rest of it is below the surface. Many icebergs have odd, lumpy shapes. This means that a ship can bump into the underwater part of an iceberg, even if the part above water looks far away. Icebergs have damaged and sunk many ships, including the famous ocean liner Titanic in 1912.

5.Icebergs exist because of glaciers.
At the poles, glaciers flow downhill to the sea. There, the ice is slowly pushed out into the water, where it starts to float. Every so often, a large chunk of the glacier breaks off and floats away into the sea. This is an iceberg and it drifts until it melts.

V These penguins are on an iceberg in the Southern Ocean, close to Antarctica. A huge mass of ice can be seen below the water's surface. V

Another DIY section in a very long time! Finally!

We will be making an Iceberg!

You will need:
A plastic container
A clear bowl
And some water.

First, Fill the container with water and put it in the freezer.

Second, When frozen, remove your 'Iceberg' from the container

Third, Fill the clear bowl with water and place your Iceberg in it.

Last, Look through the side to see how much of your iceberg is underwater, and what shape it makes.

世界上百分之二的水永久冻结成冰。
在寒冷的极地地区和空气冷冻的高山上，发现冰块。在陡峭的山坡上，冰雪下坡，像一条非常缓慢的河流。这种冰河被称为冰川。在高山上，冰川流下坡直到温暖的空气开始融化。在极地，许多冰川流入大海。

V冰川下坡时会发出一个称为裂缝的深裂缝。 V

2.世界上最大的冰川之一，不包括在两极的冰，是喜马拉雅山的Siachen冰川。
长78公里，其中冰面超过100米。自1984年以来，印度和巴基斯坦一直在争取冰川所属的战争。二十多年来，已经有数百名士兵回家了。

V阿拉斯加威廉王子威廉王朝的冰川，而不是在山上的融化，而是流入峡湾。 V

格拉希亚已经塑造了地球。
当冰川沿着一座山流下来时，沉重的冰块在土壤和岩石上推挤和刮擦。这雕刻着一个巨大的U形山谷，被称为冰川谷。

船只是船舶的一个问题。
随着冰山的浮动，其中只有十分之一长出海洋。其余的在表面以下。许多冰山都有奇怪的块状。这意味着船只可以撞到冰山的水下部分，即使水面上的部分看起来很远。 1912年，冰山破坏了许多船只，包括着名的远洋客轮泰坦尼克号。

冰川存在。
在极地，冰川下坡到海边。在那里，冰被缓慢地推入水中，在那里它开始漂浮。每隔一段时间，一大块冰川就会中断，漂浮在海里。这是一个冰山，它漂移直到它融化。

V这些企鹅在南大洋的冰山上，靠近南极洲。在水面下方可以看到巨大的冰块。 V

另一个DIY部分在很长一段时间！ 最后！

我们会做一个冰山！

你会需要：
一个塑料容器
一个清澈的碗
还有一些水。

首先，将容器装满水并放入冷藏室。

第二，冻结时，从容器中取出“冰山”

第三，将清水碗装满水，将冰山放在里面。

最后，看看你的冰山在水中有多少，以及它的形状。