SEC S20W5 || Anemias Hemolíticas - Modulo 5

_{This is Cover Photo from Canva}

Assalamu Alaikum Wa Rahmatullah, I hope everyone is well. I am also well by the grace of Alhamdulillah Allah. I came to participate in the fifth week contest. Hemolytic anemia is an important topic that needs to be discussed. Dear Apu has given this post very seriously. Also I will try to apply from my personal knowledge InshaAllah.

I would like to invite my friends before I start. Whose talent and creativity will be presented here. And I will request you to read this post so that I will want to know a word or two in the form of comments. They are @malikusman1, @msharif Bro. @heriadi and @chant Maam.. Let's go....

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Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia, or blood disease. Anemia occurs when red blood cells begin to decrease from the body. In the case of hemolytic anemia, the red blood cells break down rapidly, resulting in anemia in the body, and oxygen transport in the blood is interrupted, due to oxygen interruption, the body faces various problems such as increased heart rate, weakness, fatigue, etc. There are also divisions in hemolytic anemia, such as,

from Freepik

• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia : In this anemia, the body's own immune system works against its own blood cells and begins to break down blood cells.

• Genetic Hemolytic Anemia: This anemia is inherited or genetically received by humans, if any of the parents or any of the family has anemia, the child gets it, such as thalassemia.

• Microbacterial hemolytic anemia: This anemia is caused by bacteria, virus infection or any toxic chemical.

• Mechanical hemolytic anemia: This anemia can be caused by the placement of an artificial limb in the body. For example, an artificial heart.

Hemolytic anemia can be caused by various reasons, such as an infection, the effects of toxic chemicals, side effects of medications, hereditary reasons.

As a result of hemolytic anemia, red blood cells break down rapidly and the number of white blood cells increases. The body feels weak and tired, bilirubin levels increase and jaundice is seen, the heart rate increases more than normal.

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Sickle cell anemia is normal red blood cells in the human body, but in the case of sickle cell anemia, the red round blood cells break down or change into a crescent, causing various problems in the human body, such as obstruction of blood circulation, and due to obstruction, the organs of the body can stop working. There may be pain in different parts of the body, there may be problems in the nervous system.

Sickle cell anemia is caused by genetics, it is usually due to beta hemoglobin of a mutation of a specific gene, that is, if a person in the family has sickle cell anemia, then anyone else born in that family can have a carrier of sickle cell anemia, and if that person marries another sickle cell anemia carrier, their child may be affected by sickle cell anemia.

_{Drawing By @memamun}

In the case of sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin changes due to oxygen or temperature and takes on a crescent. And for a person who suffers from sickle cell anemia, normal red blood cells live longer than sickle cells, but the life span of sickle cell anemia is short, so the person with sickle cell suffers from anemia.

Due to sickle cell anemia, the body's immune system is interrupted, there is a possibility of suffering from various types of diseases. There is a possibility of damage to the nervous system and various organs of the body.

Sickle cell anemia is a complex disease, in which case women and men must know and be aware of blood tests and genetic counseling before getting married.

Such patients are being treated, blood donation when there is a loss of blood and applying medicine for any other problems in the body.

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Intravascular hemolysis anemia and extravascular hemolysis anemia are both blood anemias, but there are some differences between the two anemias.

Intravascular hemolysis	extravascular hemolysis
Intravascular hemolysis anemia is a serious disease, in the case of this anemia, the red blood cells break down in the blood vessels, and it is completed in a rapid process.	Extravascular hemolysis anemia is less severe than intravascular hemolysis anemia, because in extravascular hemolysis anemia, red blood cells break down outside the blood vessel i.e. liver or spine.
In intravascular hemolysis anemia, the blood cells break down in the blood vessels, causing bilirubin levels in the body to increase, resulting in jaundice.	Extra vascular hemolysis anemia is usually caused by autoimmune hemolytic anemia, enzyme deficiency, viral infection, etc.
Intravascular hemolysis anemia is usually caused by infection, mechanical causes in the body such as artificial heart and valves, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia.	Extravascular hemolysis anemia is usually broken down by macrophages, and is considered an infection and breakdown of old blood cells in the body. Here the blood cells first go out of the body and later the macrophage breaks them down through macrophages
Intravascular hemolysis anemia reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, resulting in shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat and weakness.	As a result of extravascular hemolysis anemia, jaundice, spleen enlargement, fatigue, hemoglobin decrease, etc.

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Mizan, a 32-year-old man, has been experiencing extreme fatigue, shortness of breath for some time, and has also noticed that his body is gradually turning yellow, and his heart rate is increasing compared to normal. Noticing these symptoms, he quickly went to a doctor, the doctor listened to his history and gave some diagnosis tests, first asked him to do a blood test.

The results of the test showed that his haemoglobin level was low at just 8 grams per deciliter, the number of red blood cells was also low, and the number of white blood cells was increased. And the level of bilirubin in his body has also increased.

from pixabay

After that, the doctor gave him a coombs test, this test report came in Mizan's autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The doctor then asked Mizan to do a microscopic examination of the blood, and this report showed the presence of broken blood cells and hemolytic material.

Considering all the test results, the doctor diagnosed Mizan's AIHA, then the doctor started treatment, first started giving steroids. Then he donated blood in Mizan's body due to anemia.

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Thank You Everyone For My Post Reading

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