Introduction to the scientific method: "Gnoseological Positions" Part 1 | #club100 | ph-fund 35%

in Project HOPE2 years ago

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Good morning friends, I have returned today to share with you some material about gnoseological positions that I had to research to make a video. The topic was for a university evaluation. I have been busier, but I will make an effort to bring you more content. The topic is a bit heavy, so I have divided it into two parts. Also, I have changed the way the text is organized a bit for a change.

By the way, this was for the introduction to the scientific method, I don't know if I have told you, but I am studying education.

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Introducción

La Gnoseología o Teoría del conocimiento es la rama de la filosofía que estudia la esencia del conocimiento en general. Teniendo como enfoque la correlación que existe entre el sujeto y el objeto, y la forma en como el sujeto percibe los fenómenos del mundo circundante y sobre la manera en la cual el conocimiento debe ser aprehendido. A través de la historia, grandes filósofos se han situado en distintas posturas, cada una con sus propias características y por ende, diferentes perspectivas que abordan el conocimiento y su verdad o falsedad.

La curiosidad es un rasgo indesligable de la naturaleza del ser humano. Siempre buscando los medios para conocer y distinguir cual es la forma correcta de percibir la realidad. Si esta debe obedecer a la intuición, los sentidos, la experiencia, la objetividad o bien, el sujeto cognoscente se encuentra atado por sus procesos mentales que le impiden ver y percibir correctamente la realidad del mundo, de los fenómenos y por lo tanto, de interpretar acertadamente el conocimiento.

Algunas de las posturas gnoseológicas son las siguientes:

Dogmatismo

La palabra dogma proveniente del griego significa “doctrina fijada”. La postura del Dogmatismo se caracteriza por una carencia en cuanto al problema del conocimiento, pues no existe para el sujeto cognescente un problema respecto al conocimiento o bien, a la relación entre el sujeto y el objeto. Entonces, el objeto se percibe tal y como es porque no hay dudas para el sujeto, su razón y pensamiento están cimentados en una confianza ingenua que no se propone cuestionar por qué son lo que son.

Al no haber un cuestionamiento sobre si la percepción del objeto es correcta, el dogmatismo termina por aprehender dichas percepciones como si fueran verdades absolutas, no se abre a la posibilidad de que los pensamientos y la razón humana estén errados.

Según Johannes Hessen la concepción del dogmatismo, los objetos de la percepción y los objetos del pensamiento nos son dados de la misma manera: directamente en su corporeidad.

Los filósofos de la antigüedad como Tales de Mileto, Anaximandro, Anaxímenes, Pitágoras, Heráclito, Parménides. Cada uno de ellos estableció que alguna clase de elemento era el principio de todas las cosas, siendo el Agua para Tales de Mileto, Anaximandro dijo que era un material primordial que no encajaba con ninguno de los 4 elementos, Anaxímenes decía que todo provenía del aire, para Pitágoras el principio de todo compete a los números, la proporción y ordenación de las cosas, no a los elementos. En el caso de Heráclito, es el “devenir” como si fuera un fuego que va y viene, nada será lo que una vez fue. Finalmente, Parménides sostiene que el principio de todo es un ser, y que este ser es un todo, una unidad compacta que se mantiene en constante reposo.

Introduction

Gnoseology or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy that studies the essence of knowledge in general. It focuses on the correlation between the subject and the object, and the way in which the subject perceives the phenomena of the surrounding world and the way in which knowledge must be apprehended. Throughout history, great philosophers have taken different positions, each one with its own characteristics and therefore, different perspectives that approach knowledge and its truth or falsity.

Curiosity is an inseparable feature of human nature. Always looking for the means to know and distinguish which is the correct way to perceive reality. If this must obey intuition, the senses, experience, objectivity, or if the cognizing subject is bound by his mental processes that prevent him from seeing and perceiving correctly the reality of the world, of the phenomena, and therefore, from interpreting knowledge correctly.

Some of the gnoseological positions are the following:

Dogmatism

The word dogma comes from the Greek word meaning "fixed doctrine". The position of Dogmatism is characterized by a lack regarding the problem of knowledge, since there is no problem for the cognoscente subject regarding knowledge or the relationship between the subject and the object. Therefore, the object is perceived as it is because there are no doubts for the subject, his reason and thought are based on a naive trust that does not propose to question why they are what they are.

Since there is no questioning of whether the perception of the object is correct, dogmatism ends up apprehending such perceptions as if they were absolute truths, it does not open itself to the possibility that human thoughts and reason are mistaken.

According to Johannes Hessen's conception of dogmatism, the objects of perception and the objects of thought are given to us in the same way: directly in their corporeality.

The philosophers of antiquity such as Thales of Miletus, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides. Each of them established that some kind of element was the principle of all things, being Water for Thales of Miletus, Anaximander said that it was a primordial material that did not fit with any of the 4 elements, Anaximenes said that everything came from the air, for Pythagoras the principle of everything concerns the numbers, the proportion and arrangement of things, not the elements. In the case of Heraclitus, it is the "becoming" as if it were a fire that comes and goes, nothing will be what it once was. Finally, Parmenides holds that the beginning of everything is a being, and that this being is a whole, a compact unity that remains in constant rest.


Referencias bibliográficas - References

HESSEN, JOHANNESS. "Teoría del conocimiento", Recuperado el 30/05/22. Traducción: GAOS, JOSÉ. ILCA. (Obra original publicada en 1980)

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This post has translated with "deepl" translator. If any user sees errors, please say so in the comments to correct it as soon as possible, thanks very much.

Other publications:

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Introduction to Psychology: "A little bit of science, part 1". [ENG/ESP] | ph-fund 35% | #club75

Introduction to Psychology: "A little bit of science, part 2". [ENG/ESP] | ph-fund 35% | #club75

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Thank you very much for the support, I will continue to share this kind of content.

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Hello @leonelb
A deeply philosophical topic you share. Education encompasses so many things that it is difficult at times to define it, Because to a large extent that learning process in turn contemplates so much.
And I know that the learning process cannot be generalized, because at the same time each human being is particular, so I can say that teaching is a very complex job.
Unfortunately the teaching job is not as well valued as it should be, I hope that will change at some point.

Certainly friend. When I was researching it it took me a while to understand it and this is a topic that is usually quite tedious for most, but I find it interesting. Thank you for sharing your opinion on education, I will soon share the second part.

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