Simple 5V Mobile Charger Circuit – Easy DIY USB Charging Solution.

How are you all? I hope you are well. By the grace of Allah, I am also well. Today I will show you a 5-volt phone charger component and circuit diagram and how it works.

Edited with Canva.

A mobile charger is an essential device that helps in charging smartphones and other USB-powered devices. In this post, I will discuss a simple 5V USB mobile charger circuit, its working principle, and the required components. This circuit is designed using a 7805 voltage regulator, which provides a stable 5V output suitable for charging mobile phones.

For this mobile charger circuit, the following components are required:. List of components:

1- 220V to 9V step-down transformer: Converts high AC voltage to low AC voltage

2- Bridge rectifier (4 × 1N4007 diodes): Converts AC voltage to DC

3- 1000µF Electrolytic Capacitor: Smoothes the DC voltage

4- 7805 Voltage Regulator: Regulates the voltage to a stable 5V output

5- USB Port (Female Type-A): To connect the mobile phone charger cable

6- LED and 330Ω resistor—power indicator

7- PCB board and connecting wires—to assemble the circuit

Working principle of a simple mobile charger circuit how do we get 5V DC from 220V AC? Now I will explain about a simple mobile charger circuit. I made it myself and drew its circuit diagram in a notebook, which you can easily understand. Let's see how it works step by step.

Step 1: Step down voltage

First of all, a 220V AC input cannot be used directly for a mobile charger because it is too high voltage. So, I drew and used a transformer that steps down from 220V AC to 9V AC.

Step 2: AC to DC Conversion

After getting 9V AC, it cannot be used directly for mobile charging because the mobile charging circuit works on DC voltage. For this, I have used a bridge rectifier (made of 4 diodes), which converts AC to DC. However, this DC voltage is still not completely smooth.

Step 3: Smoothing the DC voltage

Since the output of the bridge rectifier is not smooth DC, I have used a 1000µF capacitor. It filters the voltage and removes the ripple (AC component) so that a stable DC is obtained.

Step 4: Voltage Regulation

Now we have 9V DC, but we need 5V DC for mobile charging. So I have used a 7805 voltage regulator, which converts 9V to 5V DC and ensures a stable voltage output.

Step 5: LED Indicator (LED Indicator for Power Status)

Finally, I used an LED and a 330Ω resistor, which lights up when the circuit is turned on. This will act as an indicator for the user and show whether the charger is working properly or not.

Step 6: USB Output (Power Output via USB)

After getting 5V DC from the regulator, I connected it to a USB port. As a result, a mobile or any other USB-powered device can be safely charged through this circuit.

Final Thoughts

This circuit is a basic mobile charger circuit, which converts AC to DC, filters, regulates, and outputs a safe 5V. This is a great project for learning electronics! I have drawn a circuit diagram of it in a notebook, which you can easily practice by looking at it.

🟩 Thank you for reading my post and giving your valuable time. Stay well and stay healthy. God bless you. 🟩