RE: Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité ( PT, EN ) por Pedro Estadão
The first one who enclosed a piece of land and had the audacity to say this is mine and found people simple enough to believe in him, was the true founder of civil society.
Rousseau at this moment did not know as much as we do concenernin social psychology and evolutionary biology.
Individualisation is and stays a paradox between out-binding and in-binding, i.e. between 'the others' and 'me'. Even if 'the others' are my best friends, there is always some type of concurrency. The consciousness and will to overcome this state needs deep insight in the resulting processes and is much more than one can expect from everybody. The overall struggle for ressources is inherent to social life.
Mating, as can easily be observed among many species, involves claims of ownership. Very long before the time of human sedentarisation and before the agraric cultivating of land, there must have been etablished mechanisms of owning and ruling. And at those times you can not expect groups of men or humans fighting against such claims. They were fighting about mating itself without the possibility of looking through this, since reflecting instead of falling in love is for older humans only - which were rare.
The theory that principality evolved out of some claims to have more power among nearly equal humans is not proved - and will never be, since men never were 'equal' in regard to their skills. The authority of a guide emerged by his abilitiy to be a leader, at least in some respect.