SEC S20W3 || Hematology [Morphological Anemias - Module 3]

Hello everyone, I hope you all are doing well. I am here to share my participation for Steemit engagement challenge season 20 week 3. This week topic is great & we need to spread awareness about it.

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Morphological Anemia

So firstly, I want to discuss anaemia and how many different types of anaemia we have. So, if I talk about the morphology classification of anaemia, it is divided into 3 types.

• Microcytic
• Normocytic
• Macrocytic

Microcytic

So what we do actually in the CBC is mainly check the main cell volume. If it is below 70fL, classify it as microcytic anaemia. So why did the main cell volume decrease? There are a group of diseases which are associated with the main cell volume is decreased. There are life-threatening and dangerous conditions associated with how the main cell volume is decreased.

• Thalassemia
• Anemia of Chronic disease
• Iron Deficiency
• Lead Poisoning

Normocytic Anemia

This is the most common type of anaemia among these types. At this time, what happened is that the mean cell volume is going to be preserved. This means it is in the normal range, but still, we have the number of RBCs decreased, for in some conditions, iron is deficient, and you know Iron deficiency is one of the most common anemia worldwide.

• Hemolytic Anemia
• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Aplastic Anemia
• CKD

Macrocytic Anemia

Macrocytic anaemia means cell volume is more than 100fL, and it is going to be the megaloblastic or normal condition, which is megaloblastic, in which the main cell volume is increased and the cells are larger than normal size. Megaloblastic or non-megaloglastic means when the main cell volume is preserved like the condition which is associated with this is alcohol intake or any liver disease.

Megaloblastic anemia

• Folate Deficiency
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Fanconi Anemia

Have you ever had anemia? Attach evidence

The second question is related to my life, and I remember I felt all the time very tired. Whenever I just went to the university for classes, one day, I felt exhausted, and. My heart rate all the time, you know, is increasing, and then suddenly I get a very high-grade fever, and this fever is not letting me settle. It took more than 20 days, so then a condition came when I was not even able to stand. I got admitted to the hospital.

That is an expensive hospital, and the staff and doctors are very competent when I got my reports, I came to know that my Hb decreased. My mean cell volume also decreased and I had been anaemic for many years about that thing was that I always took some folic acid at home and tried to do my routine work as I was doing so this time was exceptional for me because I had a fever along with the weakness and I was not able to stand even for 1 minute.

And then at a time, you know, 4,5 drips of blood I got at the time, then my Hb became 10, and it took around more than two months. Then, I fully recovered and went back home. This was because I always ask the girls in a year or at least after 6 months, you should assess their CBC level. That might know the condition of your iron levels and your mean cell volume along with how much hemoglobin you have or if you are anaemic.

Because our blood loss is through menstruation and the males don't have much loss of blood, but the thing is, girls are menstruating every month. So there is a big loss of iron along with dead blood and we are not also eating a good amount of diet.

Pathophysiologically, what happens with anemia?

I would like to describe first what anaemia is. This is when in our blood, the number of RBCs is decreased, so what happens is that this leads to decreased oxygen in our body tissues. Due to this, our body tissues are not able to perform their normal function then, we feel tired along with low oxygen, and there is shortness of breath.

Now, discuss the pathophysiology of anaemia. So when there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells in our tissue due to any reason, maybe the cause is in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is not able to make new cell which, may be due to iron deficiency, due to folic acid, or vitamin B12 decreased RBCs.

Source

The cause may be that there is an active breakdown of the RBC going in our body. For example, due to dengue or malaria, active hemolysis is going on in our spleen, due to which there is an increased breakdown of RBC.

The conditions may be in our body like the girls are menstrurating every month so there is big loss of the blood from our body to which there is iron deficiency as well as there is decreasing red blood cells in our body.

Source

So what are the conditions that lead to the consequences of this condition what is going to happen in our body

• Firstly, the patient's active complaint is due to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity in the body. The girls come up with shortness of breath.

• Second, whenever bodies are not getting enough amount of Oxygen and tissues are not performing their activities. So what is going to happen is our heart tissues are exhausted, due to which the patient complains all the time and can't climb up the stairs without SOB ( shortness of breath).

• And overall, due to the decrease in RBCs, the patient is very pale and anaemic.

Clinical case

So, the clinical cases of the anaemia, as I already mentioned, that type, and I will try to elaborate a little bit.

For example, I mentioned microcytic anaemia. So worldwide, the most common type of anaemia is iron deficiency anaemia. This is due to because girls are menstruating every month. So there, you know the features of tired affect skin texture, and this is due to a decreased iron ferritin.

The second most common cause of this anaemia is the thalassemia. I think this is also getting day by day. That occurs due to synthesis problems, known as hereditary factors. The haemoglobin is not synthesized well, due to which it is actively metabolically hemolyzed and deficiency of the red blood cells. These patients, on a monthly or weekly basis, need to get the RBC transfusion as soon as possible.

Source

Normocytic Anemia

In our part of the country, I think kidney diseases are widely spreading due to which in the kidney, there is one hormone produced which is very important for the production of RBC. The patient is chronically suffering from kidney disease. So what happens is that this hormone is not produced in their body, and this leads to the destruction of the RBCs.

Another condition is Aplastic anaemia. Is a disease. Unlucky some patients have an active viral fever or infection going on that can lead to the shutdown of the bone marrow. All types of cells, platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells, are not being made in their body, so what happened is that all these patients are really in life-threatening conditions because lines are being declined in the body.

Macrocytic anaemia

Now, for example, in our country, I think this is very less likely, but in India, they are vegetarian, or somehow, they are non-vegetarian. So what happens to a purely vegetarian person? They are not taking a good amount of meat, which leads to vitamin B12 deficiency in their bodies. When there is a deficiency of vitamin B12, a person feels numbness in their arms, and many other symptoms have been seen in such patients.

Another cause I have mentioned is folic acid deficiency, and this is also leading to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity. Along with that, tissues are exhausted. So what is going to happen? This patient also comes up with shortness of breath; they are so tired. They are not able to do their daily routine activity, which is why they need to get folic acid supplements on an urgent basis.

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This was all about my participation, I hope you all like share your valuable comments. I would like to invite my friends @goodybest, @suboohi and @sualeha to share their participation.