LC21/WK6: Electricity bill and Electrical Cable, Circuit Breaker size Calculation.

Greetings to you, my dear ones! As a follow-up, I could not afford to miss this week's Steemit learning challenge; last week was brain-racking.
and rewarded. I had a lot to learn after surmounting many hurdles and engaging in a mental sprint. Grab your calculator and let us get to work.

A. Write three key differences between XLPE and PVC cables.

XLPE cable	PVC cables
It is strong enough to transmit 33KV and above	can only handle a maximum of 11kV of electricity
They are more expensive, made out of cross-linked polyethylene	they are less expensive and are produced from polyvinyl chloride.
They are strong enough to withstand temperatures up to 90 degrees Celsius	The maximum temperatures they can withstand is 70 degrees Celsius

• Write three key differences between single-core, two-core, and three-core cables.

single-core cable	two-core cable	three-core cables
this cable is made of a single insulated cable	this cable is made out of two separate insulated cables	this cable contains three separate insulated cables
single core are often used as connectors for earthing wires	They are commonly used for low voltage application like light bulbs	used for high voltage application, power distribution
they are also often used as ground connectors	suitable for home appliances that only need two wires	suitable for connecting three-phase motors

• Write about peak and off-peak hours in your country.

In Nigeria, those times of the day when electricity demand is at its highest peak are known as peak hours, whereas off-peak hours refer to the times of day when the demand for electricity is low.

Peak Hours in Nigeria
Peak hours usually occur during daytime and early evening hours from 7 am to about 11 pm. At this time, there is demand from residential, commercial, and industrial areas. At these hours of the day PHCH charges are slightly higher.

Off-Peak Hours in Nigeria
Typical off-peak hours usually occur during late evening and nighttime hours from 11 pm to 7 am.
At these hours of the day the demand for electricity is less, and is almost only coming from lighting. Electricity tariffs at this point is lower.

B. Calculate your house load and prepare the electricity bill for November 2024 by following Example 1.

In my home, my 98 watt refrigerator is active for 2 hours every day. I am using six bulbs of 60 watts each operating for 7 hours per day. 2 ceiling fans active from 9pm to 1am. The fans are 75 watts. A 35 watt Samsung TV for watching sitcoms 2 hours a day. It takes one hour to boil water on the 80 watt electric jug daily. The power holding company of Nigeria charges 23Naira per unit.

Items in calculation are bulbs, fans, Television, electric jug and refrigerators.

Daily Power Consumption

Electricity consumption for refrigerator per day:
= Watts x Number of loads x Hours = 98 x 1 x 2
= 196 WH
= 0.196 KWH [1 KW = 1000 Watt]

Electricity consumption for light bulbs per day:
= Watts x Number of loads x Hours = 60 x 6 x 7
= 2,529 WH
= 2.52 KWH [1 KW = 1000 Watt]

Electricity consumption for sealing fans day:
= Watts x Number of loads x Hours = 75 x 2 x 4
= 600 WH
= 0.6 KWH [1 KW = 1000 Watt]

Electricity consumption for TV per day:
= Watts x Number of loads x Hours = 32 x 1 x 2
= 64 WH
= 0.064 KWH [1 KW = 1000 Watt]

Electricity consumption for electric jug per day:
= Watts x Number of loads x Hours = 80 x 1 x 1
= 80 WH
= 0.08 KWH [1 KW = 1000 Watt]

Appliances at home	Daily kWH
Refrigerator	0.196
Bulbs	2.52
fans	0.6
Television	0.064
Electric jug	0.08
Daily Total	4.06 kWH

For a month of 30 days, November kWH =

4.06 kWH x 30 days = 121.8 kWH

The November bill = 121.8 kWH x 23Naira per unit

November Bill	=	₦.2,801.4

C. Calculate the total electricity bill with the HT meter values ​​given in Example 2 and design an electricity bill in Excel.

HT Meter Reading:

Date	R1(Peak)	R2(Off Peak)	Total KWH
01-11-2024	2625.20 KWH	9692.81 KWH	12318.01
30-11-2024	2665.26 KWH	9825.21 KWH	12490.47

Peak Rate	1.5 Steem
Off-Peak Rate	1.0 Steem

R1(Peak)
=(2665.26-2625.20)KWH x 18000
40.06 x 18000 = 721,080

R2(Off Peak)
=(9825.21-9692.81)KWH x 18000
132.4 x 18000 = 2,383,200

Total KWH = R1 + R2 = 721,080 + 2,383,200

Total KWH = 3,104,280

Total Electricity Bill
[Per Unit cost = 0.15 Steem(Peak)]
= R1(Peak) * 0.15 = ?
721,080 x 0.15 = 108162

Total Electricity Bill
[Per Unit cost = 0.10 Steem(Off-Peak)]
= R2(Off Peak) * 0.10 = ?
2,383,200 x 0.10 = 238320

Peak consumption	108162
Off Peak consumption	238320
November bill =	₦346482

D. Figure out the cable and circuit breaker sizes you need to setup a 20 ampere, 220 volts, and power factor (PF) 0.9 washing machine at home.

Power consumption of the washing machine
Power (P) = Voltage (V) × Current (I) × Power Factor (PF)

Power (P) = ?
Voltage (V) = 220
Current (I) = 20
Power Factor = 0.9

P = 220 V × 20 A × 0.9

P = 3960 W or 3.96 kW

The required cable size

To determine the cable size, we will divide the power by 3

3960 ÷ 3 = 1320-watt

Based on the table I approximate the wattage from 1320-watt to 1500. This will fall in the 2.5 RM category.
Giving room for upgrade, I will suggest 2.5 RM cable which can support 22-28A , 1500-1900 watt and a circuit breaker size C10(10 Amp)

Thank you for this opportunity to learn. I am looking forward to your corrections as I am venturing into a territory that I am not familiar with. Regardless of this, I am happy to learn and will love to learn more. So please be available in the coming season so I can continue with the lessons.
@bela90, @dequeen and @kesybliss are all invited.