Basic Knowledge in Agriculture #3

What is crop propagation?

Crop Propagation

Multiplication of individual plants into new plants. Perpetuation of plants is called propagation.

What are the different methods of crop propagation?

METHODS

• SEXUAL PROPAGATION: REPRODUCTION BY SEED.

Multiplication of plants by seed.

• ASEXUAL PROPAGATION: GROWING OF NEW PLANTS FROM THE VEGETATIVE PARTS OF THE PARENT PLANTS.

ASEXUAL PROPAGATION

• EXAMPLES

CUTTINGS: PLANT PARTS CUT INTO PORTIONS AND PLANTED TO P NEW PLANTS.

SUCKERS: SHOOTS WHICH DEVELOP FROM THE BASE OF THE PAR PLANT.

• LAYERING: BRANCH OR SHOOT GROWING NEAR TO THE GROUND OVER SO THAT ONE OR TWO OF THE NODES TOUCH THE GROUND

• BUDDING: SKILLED TECHNIQUE USED WHEN PLANTS DO NOT GRO FROM CUTTINGS.

• GRAFTING: APPLICATION WHICH INVOLVES WHOLE SHOOT OR STEM(SCION) INTO ANOTHER PLANT (THE STOCK)

What is the importance of crop propagation?

Pixhere

With the population explosion both biodiversity and conservation of plants are the utmost importance for crop Propagation. As well as food security is also equally important for human.

List the different types of crop propagation.

Polyembryony

In fruits like citrus and mango seeds are polyembryonic which give out more than one seedling from one seed.

The nucellar seedlings are identical to the mother plant

Germination

Seed germination is a basic concept by which different plant species can grow into a plant from a single seed into a plant.

This process influences both crop yield and quality.

During the first stage of germination the seed absorbs water rapidly to swell and soften the seed coating at an optimum temperature.

In the second stage by rapturing the seed coat, radical emerges to form a primary root.

In the third stage seed cells metabolism that is anabolism and catabolism start. Mitotic and amitotic division of cell also start. As a result of a seedling is formed and plant emerges.

Pxhere

Requirements for good germination

1. Seed must be viable

2. It must be non-dormant

3. It must be quiescent

4. It must be placed in favorable conditions for germination

Factors affecting seed germination

External	Internal
Water	Hard Seed Coat
Temperature	Immature Seed
Oxygen	Need for after the ripening period
Light	High amount of inhibitors

Seed Dormancy

Failure of seed to germinate even though it is placed in favorable condition for germination.

There's a Reason Why These Seeds Won't Germinate

Dormancy due to rudimentary embryo

Seed coat dormancy

Physiological dormancy

Double dormancy

Secondary dormancy

Breaking Seed Dormancy

Scarification	Soaking of seeds	Stratification
Mechanical scarification	Hot water	Cold stratification
Acid scarification	Cold water	Warm stratification

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