James Webb confirms new measurements of the accelerated expansion of the Universe.

It is curious that the universe of subatomic particles that form us, the smallest universe, we do not know very well how it works, it is a mystery to us, quantum mechanics is opening the way for us, but there are things that work in strange ways that They do not work as we would logically expect in our daily lives, the quantum universe is strange to us, luckily little by little we are discovering it and advancing our knowledge.

But it turns out that now we are realizing that the universe, also on a large scale, on a cosmic scale, on a universal scale, is also very strange, there is dark matter, there is dark energy that we do not know exactly what they are, although we do know what they are. As they do, dark energy expands the universe and dark matter alters the structure of entire galaxies and groups of entire galaxies.

The latest news is a measurement made by the James Webb, which is the most powerful space observatory we currently have, unfortunately the James Webb cannot see everything and its working time is limited, so there is a long list of requests from astronomers around the world to use the James Webb to investigate a wide variety of topics and mysteries.

But one of the priority and most important mysteries is that of the expansion of the universe. On Monday, December 9, John Hopkins University in the United States published the results of the largest study on the expansion of the universe carried out with the James Web telescope and the results confirm that one of the challenges of cosmic theory.

The results offer, on the one hand, verification of previous measurements by the Hubble space telescope, but on the other hand, they continue to confirm that there is an enormous mystery about the expansion of the universe. In fact, the press release literally says “mystery and challenge” and uses those two terms the university press.

We have known that the Universe has been expanding for almost 100 years, when the Belgian Catholic priest and physicist George Lemaitre proposed the origin of the universe as a singularity from which everything emerged, when I say everything is matter, energy, dark energy, energy, dark matter, time, dimensions, etc., everything to that singularity from which everything was born, we call it the Big Bang, although it is a term that was put in a comical sense, he called it the hypothesis of the primordial atom or cosmic egg, Lemaitre theorized it and in 1929 the astronomer Edwin Hubble confirmed the expansion of the universe based on the Analysis of the redshift of Galaxies, which is when a star or galaxy moves away from us, we detect its spectrum as an abnormal shift towards the red Hubble , saw that the further away a galaxy was, the greater the redshift.

Until almost the end of the 20th century, it was believed that the universe was expanding due to the Big Bang, but that expansion, the general theory of the majority said, would have an increasingly slower pace due to the effect of the gravitational attraction between galaxies and between the universe. matter that would eventually stop, there would come a point in the history of the universe in which the expansion would stop and gravity would win the battle and the universe would concentrate again to possibly rebound.

After the expansion, gravity wins and all the elements of the universe would be compressed again into a singularity and from there to rebound in a new Bang would be the theory of the Big Rebound, our universe according to this theory would undergo cycles of expansion and contraction and the Big Bang would simply be the rebound point that gives rise to a new universe where perhaps the laws or physical constants can vary from one to another with respect to the previous universe, in a process of infinite rebounds.

This would be a majority theory but there were also other theories such as those that stated that the universe would continue expanding forever and everything would end in a cold void of infinite dimensions, there are other theories, but the current scientific consensus and the final destiny of the universe goes depending on its global shape and how much dark energy it contains, so we were calm with these theories of whether the universe was dying due to cold or if it would rebound, that's how we were until the universe in 1998 gave us a slap of reality and showed us that he It may be much stranger than we poor little humans can imagine.

That year 1998 it was discovered that the universe is not expanding more and more slowly, but what is really happening is that it is accelerating, the expansion of the universe is accelerating and something even more strange, the acceleration has not occurred since the beginning of the universe for some reason. unknown reason the start of the acceleration occurred only about 5 billion years ago, what happened 5 billion years ago.

The universe 5 billion years ago was already an adult universe, there were galaxies, there were stars, the solar system was born a little later, about 4.6 billion years ago, what happened, we don't really know what happened at that time. For the universe to begin to accelerate its expansion, it is assumed that it was due to the repulsive effects of dark energy, which at that time came to dominate the expansion of the universe.

All those names of dark energy or dark matter are tricks that we have put in place to try to explain something that we do not know, although we can see their Effects.

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