Crypto Academy / Season 3 / Week 4 - Homework Post for @pelon53 (Root Hash and Merkle Tree)

Today I will try to join the class of professor @pelon53, about Root Hash and Merkle Tree. This is a very interesting class. well, I will do the homework by answering some of the questions given.

Background from canva

Describe the hash rate in detail.

in terms of mining cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin hash rate is one component that must be considered to get maximum profit. Hash rate is the speed of mining cryptocurrency. this is very influential to get rewards in mining.

as we all know in mining bitcoin miners have to solve algorithms to get prizes, this requires speed because the competition is so big. Therefore, in terms of mining expensive hardware and electricity, it is very important in this field. so to get a high hash rate of course the miners have invested their capital to get good mining equipment.

if a person has a high hash rate, it can also guarantee security on the blockchain network, mining bitcoins must have a high level of difficulty every time due to the limited amount of supply and more and more miners want to solve puzzles to get prizes, this is where the hash rate plays a role It is very important to compete in solving the puzzle.

hash rate is generally measured in units of H/s Hash per second, and for higher speeds the hash rate also has other units, namely KH/s, MH/S, TH/s. This unit is optionally used depending on the resulting hash rate

Create the following Merkle Tree:

Transactions (tree leaves): Steem1; Steem2; Steem3; Steem4; Steem5; Steem6; Steem7; Steem8.

I managed to reach the Root Hash. And put each hash generated using SHA-256, show screenshot.

Ok I will make a Merkle tree using SHA256

Tree Leaves Hash

• Steem1
  Hash: 7760E25BCB80ADF1DD92DB339BF5790A59E90CD54EFA072F1250DCE13FA97045

• Steem2
  Hash: FE00506E91CF52BC4B35321E6B978D1A7349397B19C6C1C01E095971FDEC9741

• Steem3
  Hash: A9418332E0C351D6A50C835AA9E57D514F0573C231D491E97726DB8A5844F2DC

• Steem4
  Hash: 22F4EC8E20C9CCAF2C313B23F18981B1C73BF39081BCD739E5D998A95A46AB30

• Steem5
  Hash: 2A3C87336683AB0DDFA56AFEFC740E6C13A02FEA0A4EElectricityy2C57B

• Steem6
  Hash: A7BAA6DE0C0658E9E3681966E542BACD116529F5AE9A2D9126CDB1C1D5BC1278

• Steem7
  Hash: D441688DDA7F9285E8811728DD9A3955CF74F0A3C7600C1589D0F1D3B48FFAC7

• Steem8
  Hash: F2E38EDa 4FF662087B6E9BEAFA4158EBC488B995732057BDA019A6A77FFB5F9F5

---

Tree Branches Hash (First Level)

• Steem1Steem2
  Hash: A5568957014F6AC3866923C7DE20D375E706B8D8C9F453636E90B9965ABEC62B

• Steem3Steem4
  Hash: 18D25196DB699F6AB9222B7302EB8A6F6EBFADEC703C07DD5DB8D9455913A499

• Steem5Steem6
  Hash: D118E137F92A0DBEA138B6BF70C7714153A7BC393CD0272A44BD94864645224B

• Steem7Steem8
  Hash: A81D57BA11AEDFA9EFBBA42F6523D75D1EFA50B22C5E3557A21CEFFE87DDFC4A

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Tree Branches Hash (Second Level)

• Steem1Steem2Steem3Steem4
  Hash: 8A248C05E69C4F1AA403AD18A7F445FF500C42483DA425CE0C980CDB2FD1AD9B

• Steem5Steem6Steem7Steem8
  Hash: 8B0935AEAB3F51BFA2B0750703EE2387E2B20EB19B0D24227E180C03A851AF17

---

Root Hash

• Steem1Steem2Steem3Steem4Steem5Steem6Steem7Steem8
  Hash: 9C2FC83F36D59B8ED5033D2BCC417728583C8DAA0AA9868FD374BE3619D6E4F9

Merkle Tree

Tell the steps to follow to verify if Steem6 is included in the Markle Tree.

To verify Steem6 is included in the tree or not we have to do some steps.

• first we have to check the hash of steem5 which is the partner

• then we have to check the branches, namely Steem7Steem8 and Steem1Steem2Steem3Steem3

• then lastly make sure Root Hash

  so with the steps above we can prove that Steem6 is part of the markle tree

Using SHA-256; You must place each complete hash in the Merkle Tree.

Transactions (tree leaves): SCA1; SCA2; SCA3; SCA4; SCA5; SCA6; SCA7; SCA8. Explain each step, show screenshot.

Ok I will make a Merkle tree using SHA256

Tree Leaves Hash

• SCA1
  Hash: 13E0A04BB0E669E1C638DBE3A704743F99F162B25245E4D8C064D35BA38FA8C8

• SCA2
  Hash: 27849353A9C8CC4E948EB6E5748EDD79CB83513D8C0ADAF3E8C83D3792C9149B

• SCA3
  Hash: 67E872F952C105C35E0BCE130536D061F4999DCA5593754BA9BA7BE59B8E7C0D

• SCA4
  Hash: 491928A32BAE70A12FA251412BBFD7C9999F317BA6BF577C283C724225270A43

• SCA5
  Hash: 99C078C39CDE7F47799E0E8691460A9F3E83E78D498EA989308FCFCC58907B19

• SCA6
  Hash: 7A648D887B124DB14E96E23BA92783E7F26D00957C19B9B8229632C2C1873729

• SCA7
  Hash: 7E0BBD6BA4BA9896F9911AF46B06DD2C47535F9C80B29D693FDF6B9319D0D68E

• SCA8
  Hash: 562ABCEEB497E1FE7AE275A883FD5EF9D92A05F5C19D82ABAA0DC1571B7DF3AD

---

Tree Branches Hash (First Level)

• SCA1SCA2
  Hash: 91B09BBA815748166FB36413342C7E4E7E809F4BAC538C0418841A4476B527EF

• SCA3SCA4
  Hash: B49B48697A3ACBC5E3D2E36B6EE49C44020D88E664C5C1AA7A7CF34058177379

• SCA5SCA6
  Hash: F026924CD1285FF92C2A2DE9B9313027EB67273A82375C939348C887F6B52F77

• SCA7SCA8
  Hash: AA55EC5A6B11393B289C4B2B6916172ACC2941C5C978FB1D7BF02696BAB323A4

---

Tree Branches Hash (Second Level)

• SCA1SCA2SCA3SCA4
  Hash: F50DC120CBF6C46923037F6D7F41D4153ECC9AB7430DDA662C142DB1FFE483F7

• SCA5SCA6SCA7SCA8
  Hash: A3D8CA8494CC426ABD5E1FC5FA0FEAE4F2B2ECE4C4CECDCA05E19EB66542533F

---

Root Hash

• SCA1SCA2SCA3SCA4SCA5SCA6SCA7SCA8
  Hash: CB40CA6DB72DD507CF9118963F94B7740822258E74AFB0FD45D89DB35D24B386

Merkle Tree

If the number of leaves on the tree is odd, what should you do? Explain.

if the number of leaves on an odd tree as we see in the example below has seven leaves, then what must be done is to duplicate the leaves that do not have a partner.

let's try to duplicate and find the hash.

• SCA7SCA7
  Hash : 71AF5095F10844EDA37CFCF8EE7712ADD5940F4ADAE1946CE66793270438C39B

• SCA5SCA6SCA7SCA7
  Hash : 2DAE9A09ABB66E133AEBD3F875490C194CD75E035B3AC6D1479379E89CFB2E67

• SCA1SCA2SCA3SCA4SCA5SCA6SCA7SCA7
  Hash: 79A243A66E564ABAFEADAAA763B0D5BA7CFFD5462ADDC77D88CA683210AA2784

Merkle Tree

Conclusion

The scarcer bitcoin and the more miners who want to mine bitcoin, the less difficult the puzzles to solve to get the prize, the hash rate is very important in the mining process and security, to get a high hasrate in the mining process, of course the miners must invest their capital for a good and reliable tool in mining.

Thank you for reading my homework

CC: @pelon53