Source

DECENTRALISATION

Freedom is indeed virtue! When an individual is given the opportunity or has the right/ say in decision making process and Planning regard less of the status of those that comprise of the community,it gives a sense of responsibility to such an individual.

Decentralization can be termed as a system where individuals in a society, community or group are given the freedom to carry out their decision making process themselves. They have a say over the affairs of the society. They do not have a governing body that gives rules and regulations on how to run their affairs. The decision making process,lies in the hand of every individual in that very society.
Every individual in a decentralized community, is not influenced by another or a governing body.They share power. Power is vested in the hands of every individual.

They make decisions without being intimidated by any higher power.
In this society, they are permitted to form a team,where they get to rub minds together and pull ideas when a task is tabled. Communication is common amidst them and each member becomes easily trained/enlightened in the process.This might take effort and time,but it helps and carry each member along with the growth process of the community/society.

A decentralized community helps individuals within act independently.

ADVANTAGES OF DECENTRALISATION

1. The work load is shared among its members. Not a particular set of people. DECENTRALISATION shares it's complexity among every individual in the community thereby not pushing its work load on any set of executive.
This allows everyone in the society brainstorm on tasks.

2. Fast decision making: Everyone in a decentralized community has the authority to make decisions at any point in time.
So decision making doesn't need to go through any long process before it comes to an actualisation.
It can be decided at any point and can be enforced.

3. Decentralization will definitely allow its members bringout their best .This will be the goal of each member.

4. Decentralization gives room to the list member to have a say.It touches the grassroot level. They are all given opportunity to view their points and make decisions. All members air their views without being intimidated by another party.The community becomes healthy enough, free from oppression, strife and unhealthy competition. This will being about productivity.

5. Individual participation,accountability and transparency.

DISADVANTAGES

1. There will be too many opinions/ uneven opinions. Everyone gets to do things based on their perspectives at any point in time. This might lead to a non cooperative society. Therefore, decentralization leads to uneven policy formulation.. polices becomes flexible and can be changed at any time.

2. No coordination an uniformity in such a community.

CENTRALIZATION

Centralization refers to the process by which the decisions within a community or society are determined by a selected group of individuals.

Centralization is said to be a process where the concentration of decision making is in a few hands. important and key decisions are taken by the top management and the other levels are into implementations as per the directions of top level. For example, in a business concern, I and my partner being the owners decides about the important matters and all the rest of functions like product, finance, marketing, personnel, are carried out by the department heads and they have to act as per instruction and orders of the two people. Therefore in this case, decision making power remain in the hands of my partner and I.

ADVANTAGES

1. clear chain of command: A centralized community or society benefits from a clear chain of command because every person within the community or society knows who to report to. Those at the grass root level,know who to approach whenever they have concerns about anything. On the other hand, senior executives follow a clear plan of delegating authority to employees who excel in specific functions. The executives also gain the confidence that when they delegate responsibilities to those under them,there will be no overlap. A clear chain of command is beneficial when the organization needs to execute decisions quickly and in a unified manner.
Uniformity of Action:

2. Uniformity of action: This is possible when decision-making authority is centralized. The decisions taken at the top will be put to work at every level. There may be more than one unit under the same management and it may be desired to have same types of policies and procedures. If the units take their independent decisions then uniformity of action will not be achieved. Under such situations centralized decision-making will enable unity of action.

3. Coordination: Co-ordination of activities of various segments is also facilitated by centralized management. In the absence of centralization, different segments may pursue their independent policies. This may result in disunity and disintegration. Different segments may emphasize their own goals only without bothering about organizational objectives. Centralized management will help in coordinating the work of different segments in such a way that organizational goals are achieved.

4. Tightly coupled, controlled and stable.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Destroys Individual Initiative
Centralization revolves around one person only. One man takes all the decisions and decides the modes of implementing them. Nobody is given the authority to use his own judgment even if there are glaring lacunae in the decisions. It destroys initiative of subordinates. They do not make any suggestions and just carry on with whatever has been conveyed to them.
2. Burden/ work load on a few
This system gives all responsibilities to few persons in the organization. They remain over-burdened with routine work while sub-ordinates do not have sufficient work. The centralization of all powers do not allow the chief executive to devote sufficient time for important tasks of planning, coordinating and motivating. In a decentralized set-up routine matters are left to the subordinates and manager concentrates on important administrative work only

3. Handle Emergencies Effectively

At the time of emergencies, centralized decision-making works as a quick because there is no time for consulting others.

4. Concentrated power and authority. Top-down communication and decision making.

DIFFERENCE

1. CENTRALIZATION gives the power/authority to delegated members of the society. Decision making and policy formulation/everything that pertains to the society.
   In DECENTRALISATION, power is vested in the hands of its members.

1. In CENTRALIZATION, the top executives share the labour just among themselves not minding the view of others.
   In DECENTRALISATION, all members pull ideas together to achieve their desired goal. Communication among individuals is common.

1. In a centralised society, decisions are rigid not flexible enough
   In a decentralized community, decisions are subject to change.

HOW TO KNOW IF A BLOCK CHAIN IS DECENTRALIZED OR NOT.

HOW TO KNOW IF BLOCK CHAIN IS DECENTRALISED OR NOT.
Step 1:
Go to google page then type https://etherscan.io/

Step 2:
after opening the given site ,then look at the below screen shot and paste company token contact address.

Step 3: check VRGold (VRG) blockchain that it is decentralized is or not
paste the VRGold (VRG) token cotract address that is "0xB6F09f221d7a93390235d427c72fFFC4F3856a9F"

step 4: click on Contract

step 5: check Contract Source Code (Solidity) below in coding, area if you see.

In coding area you'll see every detail about the blockchain,

In coding you will search in the coding function destruct only administration,self destruct , if you see this type of wording in coding area about any token,, its mean this system is not fully centralised . so it was easy way to check the any token that it is decentralised or not.

VRGold (VRG) token look decentralised because in coding i did not find these coding .

WHICH IS BETTER FOR FREEDOM AND TRADING AND WHY.

DECENTRALIZED

Why Use a Decentralized trading system?
There are four main reasons to consider using a decentralized trading system over a centralized one.

1. Security
Centralized trading hold large amounts of funds from investors, making them a prime target for hackers.

In 2015, Bitstamp, a Slovenia-based exchange, was hacked by an anonymous hacker who was able to gain access to the exchange’s operational hot wallet and steal 19,000 Bitcoins (worth $5 million at the time). The most famous bitcoin hack in history was Mt. Gox, a cryptocurrency exchange which no longer exists. It was hacked twice in 2011 and 2014, resulting in more than 750,000 Bitcoins being lost. Investors had no way of retrieving their funds and maintain the loss to this day.
With the increasing trading volume of cryptocurrencies, centralized exchanges are becoming more attractive to hackers. Decentralized exchanges are becoming more and more user-friendly and common, simultaneously providing better security for investors.

2. Control over your funds

Hacking is not the only issue with centralized exchanges; in such environments, users do not have complete control over their funds, but the centralized exchanges do. This can impose many constraints and even financial losses on investors.

3. Privacy

Decentralized exchanges, on the other hand, aren’t under any central control; therefore, there are often no registration requirements for using the exchange beyond having a wallet address.

4. Financial inclusiveness

Decentralized exchanges offer a way for individuals in any location to trade cryptocurrencies, as they aren’t run by a centralized authority that can be subjected to a shutdown order. Investors can invest as little as they want to benefit from trading activities, and the peer-to-peer transaction costs are much lower than those on traditional exchanges.

Cc: @yousafharoonkhan