#ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION; Effects and possible solutions.

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INTRODUCTION
Pollution, also called environmental pollution, the addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any form of energy (such as heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than it can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless form. Toxic pollution affects more than 200 million people worldwide, according to Pure Earth, a non-profit environmental organization.

TYPES OF POLLUTION
The major kinds of pollution, usually classified by environment, are air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution.

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Air pollution
The air we breathe has a very exact chemical composition; 99% of it is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Air pollution occurs when things that aren't normally there are added to the air. A common type of air pollution happens when people release particles into the air from burning fuels. This pollution looks like soot, containing millions of tiny particles, floating in the air. The pollution of the air can be very harmful to human existence because it contributes to about 80% causes of global warming i.e a major cause of green house effect.

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Water pollution
Water pollution happens when chemicals or dangerous foreign substances are introduced to water, including chemicals, sewage, pesticides and fertilizers from agricultural runoff, or metals like lead or mercury. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 44% of assessed stream miles, 64% of lakes and 30% of bay and estuarine areas are not clean enough for fishing and swimming. In addition to the release of substances, such as chemicals or microorganisms, water pollution may also include the release of energy, in the form of radioactivity or heat, into bodies of water.

Source; https://pixabay.com/photos/rubbish-trash-waste-garbage-dump-495213/

Land pollution
Land pollution is the deposition of solid or liquid waste materials on land or underground in a manner that can contaminate the soil and groundwater, threaten public health, and cause unsightly conditions and nuisances.The waste materials that cause land pollution are broadly classified as municipal solid waste (MSW, also called municipal refuse), construction and demolition (C&D) waste or debris, and hazardous waste.

But in this modern era noise has been equally included in the classification. Noise pollution, unwanted or excessive sound that can have deleterious effects on human health, wildlife, and environmental quality. Noise pollution is commonly generated inside many industrial facilities and some other workplaces.

EFFECTS OF POLLUTION

1. Effects on Humans
   The effects of environmental pollution on humans are mainly physical, but can also turn into neuro-affections in the long term. The best-known troubles to us are respiratory, in the form of allergies, asthma, irritation of the eyes and nasal passages, or other forms of respiratory infections. Notably, these well-spread affections can be observed when air pollution is high in cities, when the weather gets hot, for instance.

2. Effects on Animals
   Environmental pollution mainly affects animals by causing harm to their living environment, making it toxic for them to live in. Acid rains can change the composition of rivers and seas, making them toxic for fishes; an essential quantity of ozone in the lower parts of the atmosphere can cause lung problems to all animals.

3. Effects on Plants
   As for animals, plants, and especially trees, can be destroyed by acid rains (and this will also have a negative impact on animals as well, as their natural environment will be modified), ozone in the lower atmosphere block the plant respiration, and harmful pollutants can be absorbed from the water or soil.

4. Effects on the Ecosystem
   In short, environmental pollution, almost exclusively created by human activities, has a negative effect on the ecosystem, destroying crucial layers of it and causing an even more negative effect on the upper layers. Major cause of global warming is pollution from the environment. If not properly controlled, the world would be inhabitable for the next generation.

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

1. Environmental planning should be considered as a bench mark for developmental planning. Hence, before starting any project, a study to evaluate the environmental impacts has to be conducted.
   
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1. Shifting to eco-friendly transportation such as electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles.

2. Basic solutions for air pollution must involve moving away from fossil fuels, replacing them with sustainable renewables like solar, geothermal, and wind and producing clean energy.

3. Storage facilities for solid wastes should be built in the city.

4. The wastewater recycling project should be exercised, and a recycling center should be built to reduce water pollution.

5. Protecting soil, air and water quality should be a fundamental goal of national environmental policy.

In conclusion, environmental pollution has been seen as a global threat to the world. Therefore all hands must be on deck in order to checkmate the possible causes of pollution.

   REFERENCES.

https://www.britannica.com/science/pollution-environment

https://www.conserve-energy future.com/causes-and-effects-of-environmental-pollution.p