laelarmhu
pahtawe lar nhaint ၎inneat aain gar raut myarr hcanaittakya hpyitpartaal . a hcain a lar, pahtawe cartography nhang nayrar aamaimyarr nhaint saathcaut lyetshisai . aamyarraapyarrpahtawe toponymyand cartology aatwat lae kyint sainkyarr naykya paymaae, de har suuthoetrae aadhik aarayy mahoteparbhuu . pahtawek space nhaint hpyitraut myarreatyarye databasedistribution, lotengaann hcain myarr nhaint aain gar raut myarraahpyit luusarrmyarr nhang ၎inn 
thoeteat paatwaannkyin eat aapyanaalhaan laelar t yya . aarkars nhang nayrar htokaeshoetsaw hceepwarrrayy, kyannmarrayy, rarseutu, plantsand tirihcsaranmyarr aahpyit aakyaunggaararmyarr, aamyoemyoe ko htihkite saw kyawwng, pahtaweaalwanaamainn interdisciplinary hpyitpartaal . pahtawe hkyain kauteat interdisciplinary sabhawsabharw rotepinesinerar nhaint lhu hpyitraut nhaint၎inneat Spatial ponehcanmyarr a kyarr saatsanrayy taithku sati pawtwin muutai sai .nay mshjkdb hfx