Deep Dive into EOS

What will you see in this presentation? We will start with the story of the project. How exactly it was introduced to the world.

Then, the largest part of my presentation, 10 slides of whitepaper analysis.

Third part is we will cover the main criticisms of EOS project and its advantages.

At the end, we will check how exactly EOS was able to deliver on its promises and what team has achieved so far.

I would like to start by telling you how EOS was introduced to the world. And I cannot tell you this before explaining you who Daniel Larimer is. Dan founded two quite popular projects, Bitshares and Steemit. Steemit, which is like medium blog but you get paid for articles in cryptocurrency, currently stands as 1008 most popular website in the world, up from 20000 in April 2017. Quite amazing, right? Also, Steemit has $441mln in capitalization. Bitshares is another Dan’s project. It is decentralized digital exchange on blockchain and stands at $366mln capitalization. At some point in both projects’ lives, Daniel decided to quit and create other projects.

This other project is EOS and it was unveiled to the world in May 2017. During this time, EOS created its social media accounts and many people saw the first teaser of EOS on YouTube. It is interesting to note that many people got interested, because Daniel Larimer’s participation usually leads to increase in your wealth if you participate in his projects.

…but the hype really started after Daniel Larimer’s presentation of EOS on Consensus 2017. BTW, first time I noticed this presentation was due to my subscription to the Russian crypto YouTuber, who translated Dan’s presentation in Russian (video was watched 39k times). I got curious and watched the original. I was impressed with the quality of presentation and EOS project. Judging from the inflow of people to EOS social media platforms, I wasn’t the only one. As you may know, I am a huge Ethereum maximalist but EOS promised to do the same things as ETH but better. And at this time I thought that EOS could finally be the real competitor of Ethereum.

Blockchain capital, Fenbushi capital, Yunbi, and Bitfinex were intial investors into EOS project. Participation of this kind of high-quality funds and digital exchanges can tell a lot about the quality of the project.
Currently, the project is developing at a very fast speed by block.one, a Cayman Islands company. I have a lot of slides, which almost completely disclose this project from all sides, so if you truly want to understand this project, take a seat and let’s go.

As you know, each project in the initial coin offering space is trying to solve certain problems. EOS is no exception.
First and foremost, Scalability. Bitcoin and Ethereum in their current form cannot process number of transactions that could accelerate cryptocurrency mass adoption. During the most busy days in December 2017, even Ethereum was unusable.

Next big problem is certainly user fees. During ICOs, investors had to pay thousands of US dollars in fees to be in time for the most promising initial coin offerings.

Ease of deployment DAPPs is another big thing. DAPPs are clearly in need of becoming easier to create and deploy on blockchains. By creating the environment where it is easy to create smart contracts, we always should think about funds safety.

What are the main targets of EOS? Team thinks that in order to become the best in the smart contracts space they need to:
• Support the usage of the network by millions of users

• Make transaction fees non-existent

• Make it easy to upgrade and recover from bugs

• Make the blockchain network as fast to process millions of transactions per second

What algorithm must be adopted to make the network that will be able to process so many transactions? Delegated Proof-of-Stake is the consensus algorithm that can do that. What are the main features of this consensus?

• Continuous approval voting system is used to select block producers. Yep, you will vote to decide who block producers will be. Also, you must understand that by voting you give your right to vote to certain block producer. Later, block producers will vote on different topics, using your vote. This is what delegated POS is. If you don’t like how block producer acts, you can vote him out

• Block producers could produce blocks proportional to the total votes they received

• Blocks produced each 3 second plus one producer is authorized to do it any time

• Each round 21 unique block producers are chosen. Top 20 by total approval are automatically chosen, last chosen according to number of votes

• Selected producers are shuffled using pseudorandom number derived from the block time

Also, I would like to give you five interesting facts that are necessary to remember, while using DPOS:

I. If fork happens, consensus will automatically switch to the longest chain

II. Transaction can be considered confirmed with 99.9% certainty after 1/5 seconds

III. For absolute safety, node may choose to wait for confirmation from 15 nodes

IV. After 2 consecutive missed blocks, there is 95% probability that a node is on minority fork

V. Every transaction includes the hash of recent block header to prevent replay attack

Another big thing that is liked by many EOS investors is how accounts will function in this blockchain. EOS concentrates on making accounts easy-to-use, easy-to-create, transaction fee free, and safe. Other features of accounts on EOS:

• All accounts can be referenced by unique human readable name of 2 to 32 characters in length. For example, if I can be fast enough, I can create “CryptoPortfolio” wallet in EOS. So you will be able to donate me by sending tokens by writing correctly my name

• Accounts must be funded with minimum account balance at the time they are created to cover the cost of storing account data. Yep, user fees are non-existent, but account must have tokens to function

• Application developers will pay the nominal cost of account creation to sign up a new user. That’s like business acquires customers through ads

• Permission management system will give accounts fine grained and high-level control over who can do what and when. Every account may be controlled by any weighted combination of other accounts. You can have one family account that can be used by any family member

Another great thing is how EOS protects accounts:

• You can make delayed txs. This way, if somebody is trying to send tokens from your account to other wallet, you will receive notification to your email that, for example, tomorrow your money will be transferred to other account. It will give true owner of account time to restore his wallet and cancel unwanted transaction

• If keys are stolen, account owner can use any owner key along with approval from designated account recovery partner to reset control of account

How does EOS achieve scaling?

• Parallel processing capabilities bring continuous scalability and a reliable high performance

• Block producer organizes message delivery into independent threads so they can be evaluated in parallel

• When a script generates a new message it doesn’t get delivered immediately, it is scheduled to be delivered in the next cycle

• It cannot be delivered immediately, because the receiver may be actively modifying its own state in another thread

• Latency is time it takes for one account to send a message to another account and then receive a response

• The goal is to enable two accounts to exchange actions back and forth within a single block

This is the most interesting part for investors, economy of EOS.

Let’s start by recognizing the main resources that are consumed by decentralized applications (smart contracts):

• Bandwidth and Log Storage. Blockchain maintains a log of all messages, and this log is ultimately stored and downloaded by all full nodes

• Computation and Computational Backlog. Computational debt is calculations that must be performed to regenerate state from the message log. If the log becomes too large then it becomes necessary to take snapshots of the blockchain’s state

• State Storage. It is information that is accessible from application logic. It includes such things as order books and account balances

The foundation of EOS:

• Block producers publish their available capacity for bandwidth, computation, and state

• Each account is allowed to consume a percentage of the available capacity proportional to the number of tokens held in a 3-day staking contract

• Algorithm used here is close to the one that is being used in Steemit

There are six most important economic facts about EOS:

• Receiver pays. Even though, EOS doesn’t require its users to pay directly

• Delegation of Capacity. Owner of tokens can rent out unneeded capacity

• Separation of transaction costs from Token Value. The amount of bandwidth available to an application is independent of any token price. EOS enables producers to increase power and awards producers tokens every time they produce a block

• State Storage Costs. Every user account requires a certain amount of storage, so every account must maintain a minimum balance

• Block Rewards. Block producers will receive about 5% of annual inflation in tokens. This is how block producers are compensated when users don’t have to pay transaction fees

• Community Benefit Applications. Users can elect 3 applications (smart contracts). These smart contracts will receive tokens of up to a configured percent of the token supply per annum minus the tokens that have been paid to block producers

How important is governance? ABSOLUTELY important! Governance is the process by which people reach consensus on subjective matters that cannot be captured entirely by software algorithms.

Power originates with the token holders who delegate that power to the block producers. The block producers are given limited and checked authority

• To freeze accounts

• To update defective apps

• To propose hardforks

15/21 producers needed to freeze accounts and change code.

There will be terms of service agreement or a binding contract among those users who sign it, referred to as a "constitution". The content of this constitution defines obligations among the users which cannot be entirely enforced by code. Each time you make a transaction, you automatically sign the constitution of EOS

EOS team understood the importance of decentralized file storage, so they created one more whitepaper but for EOS storage software. What is it?

• EOS storage is decentralized file system designed to permanently store and host files accessible by any browser

• To store a file, user simply needs to put in a refundable deposit

• Block producers will be hosting all this data for those who hold tokens on blockchain

• The same file will have the same name on every computer. The contents of the file cannot be changed without changing the name

• 5% inflation covers micropayments for storage. Top 25 block producers must possess a high level of bandwidth availability

• EOS storage hosts only public data. Users who need privacy need to apply encryption algorithm

Some interesting facts from FAQ of EOS.

I. Block.one will not launch any public blockchain platform adopting EOS.io software. Someone from community has to do it

II. EOS token distribution on Ethereum network started on June 26th 2017 and will end 341 days later

III. At the end of development stage, block.one will release EOS.io software under open source software license

IV. June 1st 2018 EOS tokens will become non-transferable. 15% of votes with EOS tokens will create EOS platform

What is currently criticized about EOS? What is currently admired?

Advantages:

• In case of success, there are many advantageous characteristics EOS blockchain possesses

• Team behind EOS (block.one) and Dan Larimer certainly have needed experience

• This enormous amount of money collected by EOS can be used to rival Ethereum

• Project moves very fast

Disadvantages:

• Daniel Larimer is criticized for leading blockchain projects and then abandoning them (Steem and Bitshares)

• EOS is criticized for 1 year-long initial coin offering and for allocating 10% of tokens to team

• EOS has collected huge pile of cash that is too much for blockchain project (+3mln of ETH)

• Project promises a lot. The problem is if they actually deliver

And we are moving to the last slide of my presentation! Let’s take a look at what EOS team has achieved since May 2017!

• May 2017. Project was announced. Dan Larimer made his famous presentation in Consensus 2017

• June 2017 until now. ICO of EOS has already collected more than 3mln. ETH

• June 2017. $EOS listed on digital exchanges. Currently, token is listed on the most prestigious and liquid digital exchanges in the world

• September 2017. EOS Dawn 1.0 got released. It included documentation, guides for developers, site update, and 10k transactions per second

• September 2017. EOS testnet released! Developers could test the network since that month

• November 2017. EOS capitalization reached $1bln. Currently, it exceeds $4.7bln. Even after the fall of the whole cryptocurrency market capitalization from $800bln to $283bln!

• December 2017. EOS Dawn 2.0 released. It includes a lot of things, but particularly important changes were made to SDK, general infrastructure, management and governance.

• January 2018. Block.one announced the creation of $50mln. fund that will finance the development of DAPPs on the platform. I think that money is a great incentive for blockchain developers to start creating their decentralized applications on EOS

• Q1 2018. Block.one plans to publish EOS Dawn 3.0. They promise to include delayed transactions, staking pools, currency contract, and a new emerging token standard

Well, thanks for listening or reading until the end. In the nearest future I will create another video and blog post on steemit called “Why EOS will be huge long-term” where I will make economic forecasts and compare EOS to other platforms. So subscribe and follow =)