Friedrich Nietzsche: True horror
The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) follows two main themes; a theme in modern times, and even a theme that resembles an ordinary theme, and a theme that is often ignored and often overlooked. Nietzsche, who we know, is "existentialist" and reveals the deepest cultural reality of modernity: the collapse of "the death of God" or the possibility of a reasonable faith in God. The belief in God (the meaning or purpose of love dictated by a supernatural being) is incredible; the natural explanations of the evolution of species, the behavior of material in motion, the unconscious causes of human behavior and behavior; How was this strange belief first portrayed? However, without God or a superhuman purpose, how could we succeed in the terrible reality of our existence, inevitable hardships and frustrations?
"Existentialist" Nietzsche and "non-liberal" Nietzsche act together; the collapse of theological and divine teleology is fundamentally dependent on the irresistibility of the postmodern modernity of the moral worldview. If there is no God who sees that every human being is of equal value or love and has an immortal spirit, do we all think that we all deserve equal moral reasoning? Or; As Nietzsche claims, is it a morality of equality (feeling of altruism and pity) that actually constitutes an obstacle to the perfection of man? Did being a "moral" make it impossible to be Beethoven? Nietzsche's final conclusion: If moral equality is a barrier to human perfection then it is even worse for moral equality. This is less familiar and generally shocking to the anti-egalitarian Nietzsche.
Nietzsche grew up in the heart of God and Christian morality. His father and two grandfathers were Lutheran chaplains and Nietzsche planned to study theology in college. Then Luther was the one who mocked himself with "sarcasm" and proclaimed himself "anti-Christian"; Perhaps there was no such a distinction in the world of theology. A year later Nietzsche went to the Classical Philology University; He studied the texts and cultures of ancient Greek and Roman worlds and made them perfectly. Before completing his PhD thesis in 1869, he started to make an appointment at the University of Basel. Shortly thereafter, he met the composer Richard Wagner and became a student who thought that Wagner's music saved European cultures from bad influences of Christian morality. Wagner's enthusiasm ended a few years later with the formation of Nietzsche's mature philosophical views. He was disappointed by Wagner's fanatic anti-semitism.
Nietzsche's classical education taught him about ancient philosophy; Preocratic philosophers and simple natural worldviews were their favorites. It continued throughout the dispute with Socrates and Plato. Arthur Schopenhauer in 1865-1866 and a year later discovered the contemporary German philosophy through the new German Kant Friedrich Lange. As Schopenhauer's Will and Representation World (published in 1818, but a few years later contributed to the failure of the GWF Hegel in the German philosophy), Nietzsche's central description of the existentialist issue is as follows: Schopenhauer reached a "nihilist" outcome; It was better to die. Nietzsche wanted to resist this result; is to live willingly with "endless recurrence" involving all the sufferings of "approving" life (in one of its famous formulations).
On the other hand, Lange became a new Kantian, a part of the revival of "return to Kant" in German philosophy after Hegel's failure, and a friend of "materialist" transformation in German intellectual life; This is another great reaction to Hegelian idealism after 1831. The other is that they have received a great incentive from the dramatic developments in physiology that began in Germany in the 1830s. Nowadays, they are familiar with philosophers, especially Ludwig Feuerbach and Karl Marx. Materialism, where German intellectuals of the 1850s were found, exploded with publications such as Ludwig Büchner's Strength and Matter study; he went through numerous editions and entered the list of best sellers. "The research and discovery of modern times does not allow me to doubt that a person is a natural product, whether mental or physical, like all other organic entities. "
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