Very good work, @hlezama, with great academic and specialized content. As some theoretician said, it is in literature (as a written genre, or at least collected later in the scriptural) where the traces and the process of linguistic changes remain, although we know that these begin in oral use. Hence, the sample you give us from Yagüe's novel is very useful. The Spanish of America, or its Venezuelan concretion, has undoubtedly been (and will continue to be) nurtured by Anglicisms. There is no other form of coexistence between languages than interrelation and mutual enrichment. Greetings.

PS: I don't know if you've read Junot Díaz (I haven't been able to), but they say that he represents a very rich case of a combination of English and Spanish in his narrative.