There is an amazing video involving Neil deGrasse Tyson and a dog named Chaser that knows the names of 1000 toys. In it, Neil tests the dog by randomly grabbing 10 toys from the large pile and Chaser gets every name right. However, the most amazing thing Chaser was able to do came afterwards.

Neil introduces a toy Chaser has never seen before: a Charles Darwin doll. He then places the doll behind a couch with other toys Chaser knows and asks Chaser to go find Darwin. Chaser infers that the toy she does not recognize must be Darwin and brings back the correct toy. Amazing deductive logic.