Cultural Elements in Novel Works A. Hasjmy (Postcolonialism Study: Language and System Knowledge)

source: http://fathiyyarizkakf.blogspot.co.id

Culture is a living activity that develops and is shared by community groups and passed down from generation to generation. While poskolonialisme review about the activities of colonialism of a literary work, especially about colonial rule. In other words, postcolonialism seeks to expose the practices of colonialism in abandoned footprints such as cultural activity. In this case the traces left behind are contained in literary works. The activities of colonialism had an impact on the perceived injustices of indigenous peoples. This injustice means the colonial power in all aspects of indigenous life, especially in terms of culture. This caused the indigenous people to lose their identity as the East (Indonesia) because it is dominated by Western (Dutch) cultures. Mixing this culture makes Indonesian culture weak and not strong against the flow of Western culture. Based on this phenomenon can be concluded postkolonialisme be one tool to see what the sides of life of indigenous peoples include culture driven for dominant interests (West).
Postcolonialism is one of the literary critics that examines the satra on colonial phenomena. This is in line with Day and Foulcher's views (in Fatimah, 2014: 99) states in relation to literary criticism, postcolonial studies can be understood as about how literature expresses the traces of colonial encounter, namely inter-confrontational, inter-state, and intercultural confrontation under conditions of unequal power relations, which has formed a significant part of human experience since the beginning of the European imperialist era. In addition, according to Saputra (2011: 14), many events that leave history to be objects and show things that are considered as a form of colonialism in the colonial era.
A literary work such as a novel is presented as a distinctive piece of work so readers are interested in reading the novel. Novels are not just present. Great novel is born from the thinking of a critical and creative figure.
Author of the new poet one of them A. Hasjmy also aspires to build and advance the earth. A. Hasjmy is known as a fighter who is active in several organizations and parties and has also been jailed by the Dutch for allegedly participating in Daud Beureueh rebellion. According to Ghazali (1978: 34), A. Hasjmy fought in establishing the independence of the homeland. Like the sorrow of the struggle both in the first and second aggression, he conveyed in the results of his composition of a story that impresses the shadow of life and the worldview of the people of Indonesia.
Based on the above explanation, the authors are interested to study a study entitled "Cultural Elements in Novel Karya A. Hasjmy (Postkolonialism Study)." So far there has been no study of cultural elements based on postcolonialism studies in the novel by A. Hasjmy. A research by A. Hasjmy's novel has been studied in Wirduna's (2011) thesis. In the study, Wirduna studied the cultural socio-cultural background of Meurah Johan Sultan Aceh Aceh's First novel by Hasjmy. further research of the novel by A. Hasjmy has also been studied in the Wildan (2009) dissertation. In the study, researchers examined the nationalism in the novel A. Hasjmy.

LANGUAGE
As Indonesian citizens it is fitting we should be positive towards the language of unity, that is Indonesian. The linguistic cultural elements studied by postcolonialism studies are found in the novel A. Hasjmy, the novel Suara Adzan dan Lonceng Gereja. The linguistic cultural elements discussed in this study are mixed language codes and attitudes. Here's the explanation.

1. Mix Code
   One factor of code interference is the absence of the exact equivalent. However, in the excerpt of the text below the characters who play a role still choose to use the term in the Western language even though there is a proper word match in the Indonesian language. This is evidenced by the following text snippet.

"When do you start vacantie, Amir?" Asked the middle-aged lord. "
"Then" said his father again, "are you Amir, leaving the city of Betawi in the vacantie's time?" (P.8).

The footage above illustrates the conversation between Amiruddin and his father. They talked about Amiruddin's holiday plans. Amiruddin's father came from Aceh, while Mrs. Amiruddin came from Java and Amiruddin was born and raised in Betawi. In the conversation between Amiruddin and his father, they use Indonesian as a communication tool. However, the Indonesian language is used mixed with the Dutch (Western) vocabulary, namely "vacantie" which means 'holiday'. From the footage it can be seen that although Amiruddin's father came from Aceh, Amiruddin's mother came from Java, they often mixed Indonesian and Javanese. This proves they prefer to use the Western language than the Indonesian language, although in the Indonesian language there is the equivalent of the word "vacantie" which means 'holiday'. Therefore, in the excerpt the text proves that there is still a colonial role in the novel's story.

1. Attitude of Language
   Speaking of language attitudes faced on two things, namely positive attitude and negative attitude. Positive attitudes include pride, awareness, and loyalty to the language of the nation itself, in this case the language of the Indonesian nation. Note the following snippet.

"Good evening, Yati" Amiruddin said with Western language, because in the youths like Amiruddin and Ramayati, who have been satisfied with the West's education is no price his own mother tongue, the Indonesian language. Even among those who do not know Malay and are considered low to people who speak their homeland. (pp. 20-21).

The footage illustrates a conversation between Amiruddin and Ramayati who seem not to be proud of his own language, the Indonesian language. They are more comfortable addressing each other using Western language than Indonesian. This proves that foreign language is more convenient to use compared with Indonesian language. Therefore, in the footage is seen Western culture in terms of language is stronger than the Indonesian language

B. SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE

Knowledge is the foundation in the life of society which is reflected through the behavior and mindset of the community. The cultural elements in terms of the system of knowledge examined on the basis of postcolonialism studies are in three novels A. Hasjmy, novels Suara Adzan dan Lonceng Gereja, Nona Pressroom, and Elly Gadis Nica. Take a look at the novel text footage of the Suara Adzan dan Lonceng Gereja below

"Where are we going to go Daddy?" Amir asked in surprise "
"We're not going anywhere" interrupted his mother, "you're the only one we ask to go on an excursion."
"To rest my brain? Where to? "Asked Amir with a little excitement, putting a little joy, putting a pen in his hand."
"To Bali" replied his mother with a smile, seeing the light of joy on his son's face. "
"I am not an art expert, why do I go to Bali?" Amir replied with a smile.
"So where to go too? To Europe or to America? "Her mother continued with a rather loud laugh!
"If you can afford to spend, what's wrong," Amir replied, looking at his father, as if he was waiting for the right word, which his father would say. (p.8-9).

The excerpt of the text describes a holiday spot that Amiruddin likes. In the text it is told that Amiruddin's parents gave Amiruddin a choice about the vacation spot Amiruddin had to visit during the school holidays. There Amiruddin offered to go to Bali by his mother, but Amiruddin refused. When her mother jokingly offered her vacation abroad, America or Europe Amiruddin looked so happy and excited. This proves that the experiences and concepts of America and Europe that Amiruddin already knows are more interesting than domestic holidays, namely Indonesia.

by. Mawaddah. Dody Resmal.