癌症的症状及其预防
下午好，特别是在中国的朋友，希望今天下午仍然可以像平常一样开展活动。今天我想分享一下我已经读过的癌症...
good afternoon steemit special friend who was in china hopefully this afternoon can still run activities as usual. Today I want to share about cancer that I have read may be useful.
癌症是一种以不受控制的细胞生长为特征的疾病，它具有渗透和破坏体内健康细胞的能力。
身体的每个细胞都有一个称为核的中央控制。 细胞核由一系列DNA链组成，作为每个细胞的性质和功能的调节剂，包括分裂。
正常情况下，细胞会根据规定的时间和正常细胞的遗传属性进行分配。 但在细胞突变时，DNA链中细胞的遗传信息在细胞分裂过程中被破坏，印迹甚至丢失。 在癌症中，突变发生在细胞分裂太多以至于形成肿瘤组织的地方。
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, which has the ability to infiltrate and destroy healthy cells in the body.
Each cell of the body has a central control called the nucleus. The nucleus consists of a series of DNA chains that act as regulators of the nature and function of each cell, including to divide.
Normally, the cells will divide according to the prescribed time and with the genetic properties of normal cells. But at the time of mutation in the cell, the genetic information of cells in the DNA chain is damaged, imprinted or even lost, during the process of cell division. In cancer, mutations occur where cells will divide too much so that it will form a tumor tissue.
根据受影响细胞的类型，癌症可分为5组，即：
癌症，起源于皮肤组织或内脏外层组织的癌症。癌分为几种亚型，包括腺癌，基底细胞癌，鳞状细胞癌和移行细胞癌。
肉瘤，起源于结缔组织如骨组织，软骨组织，脂肪组织，肌肉组织和血管组织的癌症。
白血病，一种来自血液形成组织如骨髓的癌症。这种类型的癌症导致血细胞的过量生成，然后释放到血液中。
淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤，源自免疫系统细胞的癌症。
大脑和脊髓中的癌症，源自中枢神经系统网络的癌症。
除这些分组外，癌症还根据癌组织发生的器官如肺癌或乳腺癌而发生分化。
Based on the type of cells affected, cancer can be divided into 5 groups, namely:
Carcinoma, cancer originating from skin tissue or tissue of the outer layer of internal organs. Carcinoma is divided into several subtypes including adenocarcinoma, basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer, and transitional cell cancer.
Sarcoma, cancer originating from connective tissue such as bone tissue, cartilage tissue, fat tissue, muscle tissue, and blood vessel tissue.
Leukemia, a cancer derived from blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow. This type of cancer causes excessive production of blood cells that will then be released into the bloodstream.
Lymphoma and myeloma, cancer originating from cells in the immune system.
Cancer in the brain and spinal cord, a cancer originating from the central nervous system network.
In addition to these groupings, cancer is also divided according to the organ where the origin of cancer tissue develops such as lung cancer or breast cancer.
癌症的原因
癌症的主要原因是细胞中DNA的突变，所以细胞以超过正常的速度自行破碎。最后，身体不需要新细胞的积累。这个新的细胞将继续增长到成熟，然后再次分裂，等等。
另外，在负责修复DNA损伤的基因中也发生突变。通常，这个基因用来查看细胞DNA的异常情况，然后纠正它们。由于该基因发生了突变，因此该基因无法纠正细胞中的异常，直至细胞变为恶性。
有几个因素会导致正常细胞发生突变，并且可能来自细胞内外。
来自细胞内的突变通常从老年人获得。尽管细胞的外部原因，最常见的是暴露于可引发突变的物质（诱变剂）。一些属于致突变基团的物质包括：
香烟
辐射
病毒
致癌化学物质
激素
Causes of Cancer
The main cause of cancer is the mutation of DNA in the cell, so the cell breaks itself at a speed exceeding normal. Finally, there is accumulation of new cells that are not needed by the body. This new cell will continue to grow to maturity and then divide again, and so on.
In addition, mutations also occur in genes responsible for repairing DNA damage. Normally, this gene serves to see what abnormalities occur in the cell's DNA, then correct them. Because the gene is mutated, this gene is not able to correct the abnormalities in the cell until the cells become malignant.
There are several factors that can cause mutations in normal cells, and can come from within and outside the cell.
Mutations derived from within cells are generally obtained genetically from the elderly. While the external cause of the cell, the most common is exposure to substances that can trigger mutations (mutagens). Some of the substances belonging to mutagenic groups include:
Cigarettes
Radiation
Virus
Carcinogenic chemicals
Hormone
由于外部因素引起的突变也可能由其他因素引起，如肥胖，慢性炎症和缺乏体力活动。一般而言，外部因素比内部因素导致细胞发生突变的风险更大。
可能增加患癌症机会的风险因素如下：
年龄。癌症在人体内的发展可能会持续很长时间，因此大多数癌症患者都是65岁以上的老年人。然而，无论年龄大小，任何人都可以体验癌症。
家族史。遗传突变可以从父母遗传。如果一个人的家属是癌症患者，那么该患者有可能面临同样的疾病。建议具有癌症家族史的人进行基因检测以检查该人的基因突变。
慢性健康状况。一些慢性疾病可能会增加患癌症的风险。如溃疡性结肠炎可增加患结肠癌的风险。
环境。环境因素可能会增加患癌症的风险。例子是有害的化合物，如石棉或苯。吸烟也增加了癌症的风险，特别是肺癌。
感染。一些病毒可能是癌症的原因或增加的风险。例子是可能导致肝癌的乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒。另外，女性中的HPV病毒（人乳头状瘤病毒）感染可导致宫颈癌。
免疫系统障碍。患有免疫系统疾病的患者或免疫系统较弱的人比健康人更容易患癌症。免疫系统疾病可能来自艾滋病毒/艾滋病等感染或抑制免疫系统的药物
Mutation due to external factors can also be caused by other factors such as obesity, chronic inflammation and lack of physical activity. In general, external factors are more risky to cause the cell to undergo mutation than by internal factors.
Risk factors that can increase a person's chances of getting cancer are as follows:
Age. The development of cancer in a person can occur in a very long time, therefore most cancer patients are elderly people over the age of 65 years. However, cancer can also be experienced by anyone regardless of age.
Family history. Genetic mutations can be inherited from parents. If a person has a family member who is a cancer patient, there is a possibility that the person is at risk of being exposed to the same condition. It is recommended for people who have a family history of cancer to undergo genetic testing to check for genetic mutations in that person.
Chronic health conditions. Some chronic diseases can increase the risk of cancer. Such as ulcerative colitis can increase the risk of colon cancer in a person.
Environment. Environmental factors can increase the risk of cancer in a person. Examples are harmful chemical compounds such as asbestos or benzene. Smoking also increases the risk of cancer, especially lung cancer.
Infection. Some viruses can be a cause or an increased risk of cancer. Examples are hepatitis B and C viruses that can cause liver cancer. In addition, infection with HPV virus (human papilloma virus) in women can cause cervical cancer.
Immune system disorders. Patients with immune system disorders or people with weak immune systems are more susceptible to cancer than healthy people. Immune system disorders can come from infections such as HIV / AIDS or drugs that suppress the immune system
癌症症状
由癌症引起的症状在很大程度上取决于经历的癌症的类型和癌症的器官。 癌症患者经历的一些常见症状是：
筋疲力尽，感觉虚弱。
不必要的体重减轻可以是体重减轻或增加。
在皮肤下感觉到的肿块或增厚的外观。
皮肤变化，如发黄，变暗或潮红。 也可以是一个痛苦的异常或伤害，不愈合。
长期的发烧和盗汗。
出血和瘀伤不清楚为什么。
如果您遇到任何这些症状，尤其是长期持续症状，建议立即咨询您的医生。 常规筛查也需要咨询癌症的危险因素和家族史，以便及早诊断癌症。
Cancer Symptoms
The symptoms that arise due to cancer vary widely depending on the type of cancer experienced and the organs of the cancer. Some of the common symptoms experienced by cancer sufferers are:
Exhausted and feeling weak.
Unwanted weight loss, can be a decrease or gain in weight.
The appearance of a lump or thickening that feels under the skin.
Changes to the skin, such as yellowing, darkening, or flushing. Can also be a painful abnormality or injury and does not heal.
Fever and night sweats in the long term.
Bleeding and bruising are not clear why.
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially long-term persistent symptoms, it is advisable to consult your doctor immediately. Risk factors and family history of cancer also need to be consulted for routine screening, so that cancer can be diagnosed early.
希望我所有的朋友分享有用的下午好
hopefully what I share useful good afternoon all friends
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