Types of Concrete Beam and their Reinforcement Details

Girder is the part and parcel of a beam that provides strong supports to one or more smaller beam.

Cantilever Beam: This type of beam is rested on one end and the other end highlights ‘beyond the support or wall.
A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending.
Based on reinforcement

Singly reinforced beam 
Longitudinal Reinforcement is provided in the tension zone only.