a) spend extra money from the state budget (your money)
b) print more money

Debt is increasing, and of course do they care? Of course not, afterall it’s our debt, the taxpayer’s. Think about it, the US government spends a unbelievable amount of money simply paying interest on the increasing debt. Now think about this; the US government is making these huge payments in a low interest rate environment. What would happen if interest rates rose to a more “normal” level – say 5 to 6%? They will perhaps make a “RESET” of debt.

How do they do it? Transactions, loans, buying and selling stocks, creating options, derivatives and a myriad of other systems that are in reality nothing else but perfectly legal scams allowing the 'house' to always win...

Derivatives! That’s what really scares me. It’s as you mentioned a “Ponzi Scheme”. It's dangerous because it's possible to end up in a situation where the overall value of that “anything” becomes over-inflated (it already is) far beyond the overall actual increase in the value of this particular asset or curency, and then eventually the potential return on investment for the people buying the futures/contracts becomes more about how much you can sell those contracts for to another financial institution than about actually collecting on the contract. In other word, it’s all hidden Ponzi scheme or imaginary extra value. Derivatives are basically hot potato. As long as the timer keeps going we all get to keep playing, but when the timer stops so does the game, and also someone or “everyone” gets burned.
The fiat curency times are about to end and new more decentralized with limited supply such as bitcoin or ETH are slowly overtaking. I’m glad to be part of this generation!