Yes, the EU is working at providing electronic ID cards to all its citizens and making its digital identification platforms interoperable.

This systems are very secure because the encryption keys never leave the chip card, which is only connected to other device at the moment of operation. Mobile phones are not nearly as secure because, despite the fact they have a secure chip (the SIM card), it is permanently connected to the phone, and mobile carrier procedures for SIM duplication are not secure.

However, as you said, no system is 100% safe. In october 2017, a vulnerability affecting millions of cards, including some Estonian an Spanish ID, was disclosed.