"Aceh"

(If in Dutch: Atchin or Acheh, English: Achin, French: Achen or Acheh, Arabic: Asyi, Portuguese: Achen or Achem, Tionghoa: A-tsi or Ache)

Now known as the province of "Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam"
Has a "cultural" root language of the Monk Khmer family proto language with the Malay language division of other languages
Like the southern part using Aneuk Jame language
While the Middle, Southeast, and Eastern parts use the Gayo language
To the southeast using Alas language
So on the eastern more to the east again using Tamiang language
Thus with the southern Klut ethnic group
Using Clut language
While in Simeulue using Simeulue language
But each of these local languages ​​can be divided into dialects as well.

The language of Aceh, for example, is to speak with little difference in Aceh Besar, in Pidie, and in Aceh Utara.
Similarly, in Gayo there is Gayo Lut, Gayo Deret, and Gayo Lues dialect and other ethnic groups
Southeast Singkil (Tanoh Alas) uses Singkil. Other historical sources can be obtained such as from the saga of Aceh,
The saga of the king of Aceh and the saga of prang sabii originating from the narrative history
Which are then generally written in Jawi script (Jawoe).
However, as the weakness of the narrative history based on pinutur, according to Prof. Ibrahim Alfian
That the script of Sabil War Hikayat has many versions and one with another
There are differences as well as the script Saga Hikayat War version of 1710 located in the library of the University
of Leiden in the Netherlands.

Early Aceh in the source of anthropology mentioned that the origin of Aceh comes from the Mantir tribe (or in the Aceh language: (Mantee)
Who has links to Mantra in Malacca which is part of the Khmer Mon-People (Monk Khmer).
According to other sources of narrative history mentioned that especially residents of Aceh Besar residence in the village of Seumileuk also called kampung Rumoh Dua Blaih (village house 12),
Lies on the Seulimeum ​​between Jantho's hometown and Tangse.
Seumileuk means a vast plain and Mantir then spread across the three sides of Aceh valley and then moved to other places.

Culture

Cultural grouping in the four cultural divisions based on the people (kawom) or also called the big tribe (sukee) followed the search among others through the ancient language namely;

image source bye : http://www.coveragemagz.com/empat-budaya-aceh-dalam-keseharian

Culture Lhee Reutoh (tribe / tribe of three hundred) who originated from Mantee culture as a native.
The Culture of Imeum Peuet (tribe / tribe of imam four) originating from Hindu southern India.
Tok Batee culture (the tribe / tribe who provided the stones) came later from various Eurasian, East Asian and Arab ethnic groups.
Ja Jaang culture (clans / tribal people) namely Indian immigrants who generally have embraced Islam.
In the whole culture mentioned above apply the mention for himself as Ureueng Aceh which means the people of
Aceh.

Early history :

In the book sources chronicles the kingdom of Liang and the kingdom of Sui in China ever mentioned around the year 506 to 581 AD there is a Poly kingdom whose territory covers Aceh Besar while in Nāgarakṛtāgama called as Lamuri Kingdom which in the source of Arab history called Lamkrek, Lam Urik, Rami, Ramni while and the source of Chinese history the other is called by the name of Li Lan, Lan-Wuli or Lan Wo Li to the sea port named Ilamuridesam as well as ever disingahi and written by Marco Polo (1292) from Venice in the book the return trip from China to Persia (Iran) when it was still under the influence of the sovereignty of the kingdom of Srivijaya under the dynasty (dynasty) dynasty with the king first Balaputera Dewa, based in Palembang, South Sumatra strong and his territory extended, include Tulang Bawang, Bangka, Jambi, Isthmus of Kra and The island of Java which later built Borobudur.

source image : http://dhomiria.blogspot.co.id/2014/11/teungku-cik-di-tiro.html

When the kingdom of Srivijaya was at its peak of glory and prosperity which play a decisive role by setting a trading pattern consists of three layers namely ports and warehousing major in Palembang while the port and warehouse sub-regional as Ilamuridesam (Lamuri), Takuapa (Kedah), Jambi and Lampung further Followed by Sungsang as well as some other small ports using the Musi River line where in this trade hegemony the kingdom received a prosperous tribute apparently invited the arrival of the expedition of the fleet of King Rajendra Chola from South India Chola in 1025 by attacking all ports in Sriwijaya including Ilamuridesam ( Lamuri) and Takuapa (Kedah) were destroyed into silence as narrated in the 1030th Tanjore inscription in India which says that in sending a very large number of vessels into the midst of the undulating sea at once destroying the armad A large elephant from the kingdom of Sriwijaya Malay and seize the treasures very much following the gate ratna quality manicam decorated very beautiful, the gate of large stones of gems and finally King Sriwijaya named Sanggrama Wijayatunggawarman can be captured and then released after claiming subdued, then the fleet Chola back kenegerinya while a number of others settle down and be a part of the population, from here we can conclude that the attack was more intended to secure or takeover of trade lanes in the straits of Malacca at that time was already a line of international trade which is important rather than perform an occupation When Sriwijaya's military and military diplomacy is weakening as it is more focused on trade development. Since this defeat of the authority of the kingdom of Sriwijaya began to decline with the dratis which provides opportunities for the kingdoms that were once under the sovereignty of Sriwijaya began to enlarge and regain full sovereignty. Nevertheless the existence of Sriwijaya only ended in 1377.

Ocean Pasai

The Sultanate of Samudera Pasai, also known as Samudera, Pasai, or Samudera Darussalam, is an Islamic empire located on the northern coast of Sumatra, approximately around Lhokseumawe City, North Aceh today. The kingdom was founded by Marah Silu, who holds Malik al-Saleh, around the year 1267 and ending with Pasai mastered by the Portuguese in 1521. The first king named Sultan Malik as-Saleh, who died in 696 H or 1297 AD, then continued his reign By Sultan Malik at-Thahir.

source image : http://ken-tang.blogspot.co.id/2015/05/kerajaan-samudra-pasai.html

The Sultanate of Samudera-Pasai is also listed in the book Rihlah ila l-Masyriq (Wander to the East) by Abu Abdullah ibn Batuthah (1304-1368), a Moroccan traveler who stopped in the Ocean in 1345. Ibn Batuthah recalled that Sultan Malik az-Zahir in the land Samatrah greeted him with great hospitality. According to Ibn Batuthah, the inhabitants of Samatrah (Samudera) follow the Shafi'i school.

Not so much evidence and news about this kingdom to be used as a material of historical study.

Malik Al Saleh's Era

Before the Ottoman Empire in Turkey was established in 699 H-1341 H or coincided with the year 1385 AD-1923 AD, it turns out far away in the eastern world, in the Asian part of the world, has emerged the Islamic Empire Ocean-Pasai residing in the region of Aceh Was founded by Meurah Silu (Meurah means Maharaja in Acehnese) who soon renamed after converting to Islam by the name of Malik al-Saleh who died in 1297. Where his successor is unclear, but in 1345 Samudera-Pasai was ruled by Malik Al Zahir, Malik al-Saleh.

source image : http://itystar.blogspot.co.id/2015/03/

Politics Samudera Pasai is against the Politics of Gajah Mada

Gajah Mada who was appointed as a patih in Kahuripan (1319-1321) by Jayanagara from Majapahit. And in 1331, Gajah Mada rose to Mahapatih Majapahit who was appointed by Queen Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi.

When the inauguration of Gajah Mada became mahapatih Majapahit this came out his words which are called by palapa oath which contains "he will not enjoy palapa before the whole archipelago under the power of Majapahit kingdom". It turns out with the basic oath palapanya this Gajah Mada was not happy when heard and saw that the Pasai Ocean in Aceh growing and progressing. In 1350 Majapahit wanted to pound the Ocean Pasai, but Majapahit never reach the kingdom of Pasai Ocean because in the presence of Sriwijaya warrior. During the 27 years of Majapahit revenge against the kingdom of Sriwijaya and then in the year 1377 Sriwijaya turn was attacked, so that the history of Sriwijaya as a Buddhist state based in Palembang this.

Sultanate of Aceh

Era Sultan Iskandar Muda

Aceh is a very rich and prosperous country in its heyday. According to a French explorer who arrived during the heyday of Aceh in the time of Sultan Iskandar Muda Meukuta Perkasa Alam, Aceh's power reached the western coast of Minangkabau, East Sumatra, to Perak in peninsular Malaysia.

source image : 

http://theannoyingmouse.blogspot.co.id/2012/05/riwayat-sulthan-iskandar-muda.html

Aceh is one of the nations on the island of Sumatra which has a military tradition, and was once the strongest nation in the Malacca Straits, covering Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, under Iskandar Muda.

Sultan Iskandar Muda later married a princess of the Pahang Sultanate. This princess is known by the name of Putroe Phang. It is said, because too much love of the Sultan with his wife, Sultan ordered the construction of Gunongan in the middle of Medan Khayali (Taman Istana) as a sign of his love. Reportedly, the princess is always sad because it harbor a very longing homesick hometown. Therefore the Sultan built Gunongan to treat the princess miss. Until now Gunongan still can be seen and visited.

Aceh against the Portuguese

When the Sultanate of Samudera Pasai was in crisis, the Malacca Sultanate that emerged under Parameswara (Paramisora) was renamed after converting to Islam with the call of Iskandar Shah. The Malacca Islamic Empire advanced rapidly until 1511 when the Portuguese under the leadership of Afonso d'Albuquerque with its fleet conquered Malacca.

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When Malacca fell into the hands of the Portuguese, Aceh again rose under the leadership of Sultan Ali Mughayat Shah (1514-1528). That was continued by Sultan Salahuddin (1528-1537). Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syahal Kahar (1537-1568). Sultan Ali Riyat Shah (1568-1573). Sultan Seri Alam (1576. Sultan Muda (1604-1607) Sultan Iskandar Muda, the title of natural crown marhum (1607-1636) .All attacks by the Portuguese can be deflected.

Relations with the West English

In the 16th century, the Queen of England, Elizabeth I, sent a delegate named Sir James Lancester to the Kingdom of Aceh and sent a letter addressed: "To the Servant, King of Aceh Darussalam" and a set of high value jewelry. The Sultan of Aceh at that time accepted the good intentions of his "sister" in England and allowed the British to anchored and traded in the territory of Aceh. Even the Sultan also sent precious gifts including a pair of ruby ​​bracelets and letters written on delicate paper with gold ink. Sir James was also awarded the title of "The Rich White Man".

Sultan of Aceh also replied to the letter from Queen Elizabeth I. Here is a snippet of the contents of the letter of Sultan of Aceh, which is still stored by the British royal government, dated 1585:

"I am the mighty ruler of the Nations under the wind, collected on the land of Atjeh and upon the land of Sumatra and over the entire territory which is subject to Aceh, which extends from the horizon of the sunrise to the sunset. "

The intimate relationship between Aceh and England continued at the time of King James I of England and Scotland. King James sent a cannon as a gift to the Sultan of Aceh. The cannon is still well preserved and is known by the name of King James Cannon.

Netherlands

In addition to the United Kingdom, Prince Maurits - the founder of the dynasty of Oranje - also sent a letter with the intention of requesting the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam. The Sultan welcomed their good intentions by sending his delegation to the Netherlands. The group was led by Tuanku Abdul Hamid. This group is known as the first Indonesian to stop in the Netherlands. During his visit Tuanku Abdul Hamid became sick and died. He was buried in a large scale in the Netherlands with the presence of the Dutch authorities. However, because the Dutch had never buried the Muslims, he was buried with the Christian way in the yard of a church. Now in his tomb there is an inscription which was inaugurated by the late Reverend Prince Bernhard the husband of the late Queen Juliana and Her Majesty the Queen Beatrix.

source image : http://historiek.net/het-belang-van-het-binnenhof/53365/

Ottoman

During Iskandar Muda, the Kingdom of Aceh sent its envoys to the Ottoman Sultanate of Istanbul. Because at that time the Ottoman Sultan was gering then the envoy of the Kingdom of Aceh lingered so long that they had to sell little by little gift gifts for their survival. Then in the end when they were received by the Emperor, their offerings were only Lada Sicupak or Lada sekarung. But the Emperor welcomed the prize and sent a cannon and some capable men in war science to help the kingdom of Aceh. The cannon is still there until now known as Meriam Lada Sicupak. In the later period the Ottoman Sultan sent a service star to the Sultan of Aceh.

France

The Kingdom of Aceh also received the visit of the Royal Kingdom envoy. The envoy of the King of France originally intended to present a precious mirror to the Sultan of Aceh. But on the way the mirror broke. Finally they dedicate the mirror pieces as a gift to the Emperor. In his book, Denys Lombard says that Sultan Iskandar Muda is very fond of valuable objects. At that time, the Kingdom of Aceh was the only Malay kingdom that had Balee Ceureumeen or the Glass Hall inside his palace. According to the French Envoy, the Palace of the Sultanate of Aceh is not less than two kilometers. The palace was named Darud Donya's Inside Palace (now Meuligo Aceh, the residence of the Governor). It includes the Khayali Field and Medan Khaerani that can accommodate 300 elephant troops. Sultan Iskandar Muda also ordered to move the flow of the Krueng Aceh River to flow through his palace (the river is still visible today, flowing calmly around Meuligoe). That's where the sultan often swims while entertaining his guests.

Post-Sultan Iskandar Thani

The kingdom of Aceh after the death of Sultan Iskandar Thani experienced a continuous decline. This is due to the rise of four Sultanahs in a row that aroused the anger of the Wujudiyah Ulama. In fact, Seri Ratu Safiatudin Seri Ta'jul Alam Syah Sovereign Zilullahil Filalam which is the first Sultanah is a very capable woman. He is the daughter of Sultan Iskandar Muda and the wife of Sultan Iskandar Thani. He also has six languages, Spanish, Dutch, Aceh, Malay, Arabic, and Persian. At that time in the Aceh Parliament which consists of 96 people, 1/4 of whom are women. The resistance of the Wujudiyah clerics continued until the fatwa of the Grand Mufti of Mecca expressed its objection to a woman who became a Sultanah. Finally ended the heyday of women in Aceh.

The arrival of the colonial

The Aceh Sultanate was involved in a prolonged power struggle since the early 16th century, first with Portugal, then since the 18th century with Great Britain (England) and the Netherlands. At the end of the 18th century, Aceh was forced to surrender its territory in Kedah and Pulau Pinang in the Malay Peninsula to Great Britain.

In 1824, the British-Dutch Treaty was signed: Britain surrendered its territory in Sumatra to the Netherlands. The British claim that Aceh is their colony, although this is not true. In 1871, Britain allowed the Dutch to colonize Aceh, possibly to prevent France from gaining power in the region.

Aceh War

In 1873 an Aceh war broke out against the Dutch. The Aceh War was caused by:

The Dutch occupied the Siak area. As a result of Siak 1858 treaty. Where Sultan Ismail handed over Deli, Langkat, Asahan and Serdang areas to the Dutch, whereas those areas since Sultan Iskandar Muda were under the control of Aceh.

The Dutch violated Siak, then the end of the London treaty (1824). Where the contents of the London agreement are the Netherlands and the UK make provisions on the boundaries of power of the two regions in Southeast Asia with the latitude of Singapore. Both recognize the sovereignty of Aceh.

Aceh accused the Dutch of failing to keep its promise, so that Dutch ships passing through the waters of Aceh were drowned in Aceh. This Aceh act was approved by the British, because the Dutch were guilty.

The opening of the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps caused the waters of Aceh to be very important for trade traffic.

The creation of the 1871 Sumerian Agreement between Britain and the Netherlands, by which it contained, the British gave the Dutch freedom to take action in Aceh. The Dutch must maintain the security of traffic in the Strait of Sumatra. The Dutch allowed Britain free trade in Siak and surrendered its territory in Western Guinea to England.

Due to the Sumatran 1871 agreement, Aceh established diplomatic relations with the American Consul, Italy, Turkey in Singapore. And sent emissaries to Turkey 1871.

Due to Aceh's diplomatic relations with the American Consul, Italy and Turkey in Singapore, the Dutch made it a reason to attack Aceh. Vice President of the Council of the Indies Frederik Nicolaas Nieuwenhuijzen with his two warships came to Aceh and requested information from the Sultan Machmud Shah about what was discussed in Singapore, but Sultan Machmud refused to give details.

The Netherlands declared war on Aceh on March 26, 1873 after making several diplomatic threats. An expedition with 3,000 soldiers led by Major General Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler was sent in 1874, but was defeated by the Aceh army, under the command of Polem Commander and Sultan Machmud Shah, who had modernized his weapons. Köhler himself was killed on April 10, 1873.

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The second expedition under the leadership of General Jan van Swieten succeeded in seizing the sultan's palace. When Sultan Machmud Shah died on January 26, 1874, was replaced by Tuanku Muhammad Dawood who was crowned as Sultan in Indragiri mosque. On October 13, 1880, the colonial government declared that the war was over. However, the war continued in guerrilla and fi'sabilillah wars were inflamed, where the guerrilla war system was held until 1904.

In the war with the Dutch, the Sultanate of Aceh had time to ask for assistance to the United States representative in Singapore who visited the Commander of Tibang Muhammad on his way to the inauguration of Emperor Napoleon III of France. Aceh also sent Habib Abdurrahman azh-Zhahir to ask for help to the Caliph Usmaniyah. But the Ottoman Turks were already in decline. While the United States refused to intervene in the affairs of Aceh and the Netherlands.

The war broke out in 1883. Dutch forces sought to free British sailors who were held captive in one of the territories of the Sultanate of Atjeh, and attacked the area. The Sultan of Aceh handed over the prisoners and received substantial payments instead. Meanwhile, Dutch War Minister August Willem Philip Weitzel again declared an open war against Aceh. The Dutch this time requested the help of local leaders, among them Teuku Umar. Teuku Umar was granted the title of the great warlord and on January 1, 1894 even received a Dutch aid fund to build his army. It turned out that two years later Teuku Umar attacked the Dutch with the new troops. In this guerrilla war Teuku Umar along with Polem Commander and Sultan continued unceasingly. But in 1899 when a sudden attack from Van Der Dussen's party in Meulaboh Teuku Umar died. But his Cut 'Dien wife Teuku Umar is ready to appear as a guerrilla warlord.

In 1892 and 1893, the Dutch assumed that they had failed to seize Aceh. Dr. Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, an Islamic scholar from the University of Leiden who has gained the trust of many Acehnese leaders, then advises the Dutch that their attacks be directed against the clergy, not the sultan. This advice works. Dr Snouck Hurgronye undercover for 2 years in the interior of Aceh to research the community and state administration of Aceh. The results of his work was recorded under the title Aceh People (De Atjehers). In the book mentioned the secret of how to conquer Aceh.

Snouck Hurgronje's advice to the Dutch Military Governor assigned to Aceh is:

Put aside the Keumala (ie the Sultan domiciled in Keumala) and his followers.

Always attack and hit the clerics.

Do not want to negotiate with guerrilla leaders.

Establish a permanent base in Aceh Raya.

Show the good intentions of the Dutch to the people of Aceh, by establishing langgar, mosque, repairing irrigation roads and helping the social work of the people of Aceh.

In 1898 Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz was declared governor of Aceh in 1898-1904, then Dr Snouck Hurgronye was appointed as his advisor, and with his lieutenant Hendrikus Colijn (later Dutch Prime Minister), seized most of Atjeh.

Sultan M. Daud finally surrendered himself to the Dutch in 1903 after his two wives, children and his mother were first captured by the Dutch. The Sultanate of Aceh eventually fell entirely in 1904. The palace of the Sultanate of Aceh was later devastated and replaced by a new building now known as the Governor's Hall of Pendopo. In that year, almost all of Aceh has been taken by the Dutch.

The guerrilla tactics of Acehnese guerrilla warfare were imitated by Van Heutz, where marechaussee troops were led by Hans Christoffel with his Colone Macan troops who had been able and controlled the mountains of the jungles of Aceh to seek and pursue the Acehnese guerrillas.

The next tactic that the Netherlands did was by kidnapping members of the Aceh rebel family. For example Christoffel kidnapped the empress of Sultan and Tengku Putroe (1902). Van der Maaten captures the son of Sultan Tuanku Ibrahim. As a result, the Sultan surrendered on 5 January 1902 to Sigli and made peace. Van der Maaten secretly ambushed Tangse back, Polem Commander could escape, but instead arrested the son of Polem Commander, Cut Po Radeu his sister and some of his closest relatives. As a result the Polem Commander laid down his weapons and surrendered to Lhokseumawe (1903). As a result of the Polem Commander surrendered, many of the people who surrendered in the footsteps of the Polem Commander.

The next tactic, cleansing by killing the people of Aceh conducted under Van Daalen who replaced Van Heutz. Like the killing in Kuto Reh (June 14, 1904) where 2922 people were killed, consisting of 1773 men and 1149 women.

The last tactic captures Cut Nya 'Dien of Teuku Umar's wife who is still guerrilla fighting, where finally Cut Nya' Dien can be arrested and exiled to Sumedang, West Java.

Letter of delivery

Van Heutz has created a short letter of surrender that must be signed by Acehnese leaders who have been captured and surrendered, whose contents: The King recognizes his area as part of the Dutch East Indies. The king promised not to make contact with power abroad. Promise to obey all the orders established by the Dutch. (RH Saragih, J Sirait, M Simamora, National History, 1987)

The rise of nationalism

While in Dutch rule, the Acehnese began to cooperate with other regions of Indonesia and engaged in various nationalist and political movements. Sarekat Islam, an Islamic trading organization founded in Surakarta in 1912, arrived in Aceh around 1917. This was followed by the Muhammadiyah social organization in 1923. Muhammadiyah built an Islamic school in Kutaraja (now Banda Aceh) in 1929. Then in 1939, Partai Indonesia Raya (Parindra) opened its branch in Aceh, becoming the first political party there. That same year, the 'ulama established the PUSA (Unity of Allama Aceh), an anti-Dutch organization.

World War II

Aceh is increasingly engaged in the Indonesian nationalist movement. When the Volksraad (parliament) was formed, Teuku Nyak Arif was elected the first representative of Aceh. (Nyak Arif was sworn in as governor of Aceh by the first Sumatra governor, Moehammad Hasan).

Like many other residents of Indonesia and Southeast Asia, the people of Aceh welcomed the arrival of Japanese troops when they landed in Aceh on March 12, 1942, as Japan promised to free them from colonialism. However, the Japanese government is not much different from the Netherlands. Japan again recruited uleebalangs to fill the post of Gunco and Sunco (head of the district and sub-district). This caused the anger of the scholars, and deepened the split between the ulama and the uleebalangs. The rebellion against Japan broke out in several areas, including in Bayu, near Lhokseumawe, in 1942, led by Teungku Abdul Jalil, and at Pandrah and Jeunieb, in 1944.

The Republic of Indonesia

The position of Aceh within the United States of Indonesia

41 years later since the completion of the Aceh war, Indonesia was proclaimed by Soekarno on August 17, 1945. It turned out that the struggle for freedom from the Dutch hold was not yet complete, before Hubertus Johannes van Mook created his puppet countries incorporated in the RIS (Republic of the United States of Indonesia).

It turns out that Aceh is not a federal state created by Van Mook which covers all of Indonesia which consists of:

source image :http://www.spirit-guru.com/2015/06/materi-sistem-administrasi-wilayah.html

The state of RI, which covers the status quo areas under the Renville Agreement.

State of East Indonesia.

Pasundan State, including the Federal District of Jakarta

State of East Java

State of Madura

State of East Sumatra, including the status quo of South Asahan and Labuhan Batu

Country of South Sumatra

Self-contained state units, such as Central Java, Bangka-Belitung, Riau, West Kalimantan Special Region, Great Dayak, Banjar Region, East Kalimantan and East Kalimantan.

The remaining Indonesian regions are not the regions.

Instead, Aceh belongs to the Republic of Indonesia, where the Republic of Indonesia is one of the states of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia. Thus, Aceh is also included in the system of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, although it does not exist as a separate state.

The elected President of the RIS was Soekarno in the session of the RIS Presidential Council on 15-16 December 1949. On December 17, 1949 President Soekarno was inaugurated as President of the RIS. Was for the post of Prime Minister appointed Mohammad Hatta. The Cabinet and Prime Minister of the RIS were inaugurated on December 20, 1949.

The Netherlands under Queen Juliana, Prime Minister Dr. Willem Drees, Minister of Over the Sea. Maan Sassen and the head of the RIS Delegation Mohammad Hatta signed his signature on the recognition of RIS sovereignty by the Dutch in the RIS sovereignty recognition ceremony on 27 December 1949. On the same date, Yogyakarta handed over RI's sovereignty to RIS. While in Jakarta on the same day, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Crown High Vice Antonius Hermanus Johannes Lovink in a ceremony together put his views on the script of the transfer of sovereignty. (30 Years of Indonesia Merdeka, 1945-1949, State Secretariat of RI, 1986).

Return to the Unitary State

March 8, 1950 The Government of the RIS with the approval of the Parliament (DPR) and the Senate of the RIS passed the Emergency Law No. 11 of 1950 on the Procedure for the Amendment of the RIS State Arrangement. Under the Emergency Act, several states merged into the Republic of Indonesia, so that on 5 April 1950 there were only three states, namely RI, NST (State of East Sumatra), and NIT (Negara Indonesia Timur).

On August 14, 1950 the Parliament and the Senate of the RIS passed the Provisional Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia on the results of the joint committee.

At the joint meeting of Parliament and the RIS Senate on August 15, 1950, President RIS Soekarno read out the charter forming the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. On that same day President Soekarno returned to Yogya to receive the post of President of the Republic of Indonesia from the Temporary Stakeholder of the President of RI. Asaat. (30 Years of Merdeka Indonesia, 1950-1964, State Secretariat of RI, 1986).

Notice the Islamic State of Indonesia of Aceh

3 years after RIS broke up and returned to RI, Daud Beureueh in Aceh implements the Islamic State of Indonesia under Imam Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo on September 20, 1953.

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The contents of the NII's Notes in Aceh are:

"With the birth of the Islamic State of Indonesia peroklamasi in Atjeh and sekitarnja area, then the power of the Five Precepts lenjaplah in Atjeh and sekitarnja region, was replaced by the government of the State Islam.Dari was proclaimed to the whole people, foreigners, adherents bermatjam2 Religious, civil servants, merchants and Most of them:

Do not obstruct the movement of the Indonesian Islamic Army, but should provide assistance and work together to uphold the security and prosperity of the State.

The civil servants should work as usual, work diligently for the wheels of government to proceed smoothly.

Merchants should open the shop, carry out the work as usual, the Islamic Government guarantees the security of the masters.

Do not let hold the entire People Sabotage, property damage vitaal, kidnapped, robbed, menjiarkan hoaxes, inviltratie propakasi and the like which can interfere with the safety of the State. Anyone who commits the crime will be punished by Military punishment.

To the foreign lords should be calm and peaceful, carry out the duties of the masters as usual the security and safety of the masters are guaranteed.

To other religious masters other than Islam do not hesitate and invite the suspect, be assured that the Government of N.I.I. Guarantees the salvation of the masters and the religion you hold, for Islam commands to protect every people and religion as it protects the Ummah and Islam itself. Finally we call to all levels of society to be calm and calm and carry out their respective duties as usual.

Islamic State of Indonesia

Governor of Civil / Military Atjeh and Regions around him.

MUHARRAM 1373

Atjeh Darussalam

September 1953

"

Daud Beureueh surrendered

December 1962, seven months after Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo Imam NII caught (June 4th 1962) on Mount Geber in the area Majalaya by units Siliwangi in the framework of Operation Bratayudha, Daud Beureueh in Aceh surrendered to the Lord of Daula Pancasila after "Deliberation Harmony People Aceh "on the initiative of Commander of Kodam I / Iskandar Muda, Colonel M. Jasin. (30 Years of Merdeka Indonesia, 1950-1964, State Secretariat of RI, 1986).

Hasan Di Tiro declared the State of Aceh Sumatra

14 years later after Daud Beureueh at the time of Hasan Tiro on December 4, 1976 declared the independence of Aceh Sumatra. The declaration of the independence of the State of Aceh Sumatra is: ".

source image : https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_di_Tiro

"" To the people in the world: We, the people of Aceh, Sumatra exercising the right to self-determination, and to protect the rights of the history of special forefathers of our country, is hereby declared a free and independent of all political control of a foreign government in Jakarta and from strangers Java.

On behalf of the people of Aceh, Sumatra is sovereign.

Tengku Hasan Muhammad in Tiro.

Chairman of the National Liberation Front of Acheh Sumatra and President of Aceh Sumatra,

December 4, 1976 "

"End of conflict

On August 15, 2005, GAM and the Indonesian government finally reached a peace agreement to end the long conflict.

On December 26, 2004, a major earthquake caused a tsunami that struck much of Aceh's west coast, including Banda Aceh, and caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands of lives.

In addition, it has emerged the aspirations of several NAD, particularly in the west, south and inland to secede from NAD and formed two new provinces called Aceh Leuser Antara consisting of Central Aceh, Bener Meriah, Gayo Lues, East Aceh and Aceh Singkil, and Aceh Barat Selatan or ABAS consisting of Nagan Raya, Aceh Barat Daya, South Aceh, Simeulue, Aceh Barat and Aceh Jaya. December 4, 2005 a joint Declaration was held in Gelora Bung Karno, Jakarta, attended by hundreds of people and 11 regents who wanted to expand its territory, followed by a protest demanding the release of the 11 districts from Aceh.

On August 15, 2005, GAM and the Indonesian government finally signed a peace agreement ending the conflict between the parties that had been going on for almost 30 years.

This is the history of Aceh in the reign of young iskandar kingdom

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