Scope of soil engineering/geotechnical engineering:

Soil engineering has vast application in the construction of various civil engineering works.
Some of the importance application are as under:
1.foundation
2.retaining structure
3.stability of slopes
4.underground structures
5.pavement design
6.earthen dam

1. Foundation:

Every civil engineering structure whether it is building, a bridge or a dam is founded on or below the surface of the earth. Foundation are required to transmit the load of the structure of soil safely and efficiently.

When d <=b, it is called shallow foundation
Where, b= width of footing.
d= depth of footing.
2. Retaining structures:

When sufficient space is not available for mass of soil to spread and form a safe slop, a structure is required to retain the soil.
An earth retaining structure is also required to keep the soil at different levels on its either side.
The retaining structure may be a rigid retaining wall or a sheet like bulkhead which is relatively flexible.

Other 3 to 6 topic. We will dicuss in next article.
Thank you.