Some thoughs about the history of "Philosophy of History" /part 13/

As a logical continuation of the issue of the population at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the so- rational theories that, unlike their predecessors, emphasized not so much the impact of population density on social progress as the impact of its qualitative composition. The founder of these theories is the French Count de Bovino with his work "on the inequality of human races". Representatives of these theories are Ludwig Gumpovich, Hans Gunter and others.

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Of the races created, some have been very low and have long been overthrown by the higher. Moreover, where race is a full and pure flourish of society, it is guaranteed. In this sense, he developed the idea of ​​racial hygiene or the so- eugenics. But he sees as unequal not only the individual races, but also the people who form the same race. For him, in every society, three distinct degrees of distinction can be distinguished. The former refers to the so-called monetary aristocracy ie. the richest sections of the population. At the bottom of the public hierarchy is the third class - that of the workers, the peasants and the craftsmen Between him and the first is the so-called. middle or second class of medium-sized traders, entrepreneurs, contractors, employees, intellectuals, and so on. Highest value for society has the highest class, it has the highest abilities and forms the cultural elite of each country. Unfortunately, however, he finds that things are so fertile that this breed is the least. While the fertility of the lower classes is greatest. As a result of this, each nation begins to degenerate over time.

The quantity of underprivileged individuals increases at the expense of the full ones. That is why society is obliged to take measures to preserve its most valuable individuals by stimulating their propagation and restricting the multiplication of the lower ones. What is more, he appeals to the right to breed those individuals who have a negative meaning for society, namely, the degenerate body, the congenital criminals, the incurable patients, the madmen, and so on. Conclusion of this type of determinism: The main weakness of almost all demographic teachings is that they see the population as a non-public factor. As something hardly given forward and independently defining the directions of the development of social life. In fact, however, the growth of the population and the quality of the constituent individuals are the result of the state and the nature of the public system. Not the people define the state of society and the prospects for its development, but rather the state of society defines the state of the people and the laws of its development.